STS

• Scientific Revolution


  Period of great scientific intellectual achievements that led to radical changes in scientific inquiries (1440-1690 AD)
• Important contributions to the Scientific Revolution

  • Universe Model (by Nicholas Copernicus)
  • Law of Planetary Motion (by Johannes Kepler)
  • Work of Motion (by Galileo Galilei)
  • Law of Motion (by Isaac Newton)
  • Law of Universal Gravitation (by Isaac Newton)
• Universe Model (by Nicholas Copernicus)

  • Describes the sun as the center of the universe and that the earth and other planets revolve around it in circles
  • Suggests that the distance from the sun determines the arrangement of planets and stars: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn and Stars
• Law of Planetary Motion (by Johannes Kepler)

  • All planets revolve around the sun in elliptical, not circular, orbits
  • Closer planets to the sun move faster than the others
• Work of Motion (by Galileo Galilei)


  1. Definition of concepts

  2. Expression of the relationship of concepts

  3. Giving precise hypothesis

  4. Deduction of consequences from hypothesis

  5. Experimentation to test the consequences

  6. Analysis in terms of abstract and ideal situation
• 1st Law of Motion (Law of Inertia) (by Isaac Newton)


  • An object at rest will remain at rest and a moving object will remain moving with the same speed and direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force
• 2nd Law of Motion (by Isaac Newton)


  • Acceleration is produced when a force acts on a mass
• 3rd Law of Motion (by Isaac Newton)

  • For every action, there is an equal and an opposite reaction
• Law of Universal Gravitation (by Isaac Newton)


  • A particle in the universe attracts every other universal particle using a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely to the square of the distance between their centers