LESSON 1

• Approach - is a method or strategy used to achieve a particular goal or address a problem
• Approach - it's more practical and action - oriented compared to a theory.
• Approach - outlines the steps or procedures to follow in order to accomplish something.
• Approach - answers the question "what are we going to do"
• Approach - it is about application of knowledge or methods
• Theory - is an explanation that describes how things work, why they happen, or what will occur under certain conditions.
• Theory - helps us understand the world around us by providing explanations for phenomena.
• Approach - does not make sense unless backed up by a theory.
• Theory - a set of principles or ideas that explain a phenomenon
• Theory - it is a comprehensive explanation that seeks to understand and predict how something works.
• Theory - answers the question why or how something happens.
• Theory - it is a framework that organizes and interpret facts and obsservations.
• Theory - depends on the approach used in the study or analysis.
• Cultural Approach - a way of looking into a subject using culture as lens
• Cultural Approach - all products of th culture is a reflection of the culture itself, as well as culture has the power to influence or restore
• Cultural Approach - through culture, an individual may critique a particular subject, work, o concept.
• Culturalism - mainly discusses hoe culture affects the works that people have produced and these may be the key to interpret the culture itself.
• Culturalism - believes that culture is a documented compilation of man's work, thought and experienced; therefore, text and works mirror culture and vice versa.
• Culturalism - break down the components of the contemporary interest of the people.
• Sociological approach - society has a huge impact on shaping culture and literature, thus emphasizing its inseparability from culture and literature
• Sociological approach - highlights societal, economic, and political relationships in representation'
• Marxism - talks about the imbalances prevalent in the society and banks on the existing disparity between the social classes.
• Marxism - the base represents the working class wherein they are considered as the spine of the society, yet they are exploited by the ruling class because they use the working class to serve their interest
• Marxism - contrast the way of living of the people coming from the lower society that of the people coming from the upper society.
• Marxism - reveals power struggles in the society and show how these operate and what are its consequences.
• Marxism - believes that the middle class (bourgeoisie) exploits the working class (proletariat)
• Marxism - we can be aware of the existing gap between the social classes and somehow be an agent of change.
• Psychological Approach - an attempt to to explore the effects of the mind, behavior, and motivation on literature and culture.
• Sociological Approach - intends to see the perspectives of individuals involved in a text or practice and their effects on these
• Psychoanalytic theory - dicusses speculating about motivation, drives, fears, and desires in the representation of culture
• Psychoanalytic theory - analyzes works to reveal insights about the way human mind works
• Psychoanalytic theory - works well as a method of analyzing drives and motivations behind actions repreentations
• Psychoanalytic theory - looks closely at the portrayal of psychological motivations present in their story and/or backstory presented in the popular culture.
• Psychoanalytic theory - believes in the notion that the human psyche is composed of three principles: the id, the ego, and the superego
• id - pleasure (go)
• Ego - wait
• Super Ego - Stop
• Gender Related Approach - an approach that is used to look into the status of men, women and queer people in the society, in text, and in other representations.
• Gender Related Approach - aims to understand the issue of sexuality, power, and oppression among genders.
• Gender Related Approach - focuses on gender's involvement in the development of economic, political and social structures.