ch.25

• primary kidney processes are filtering blood, regulating blood volume and chemical makeup, and maintain Na+ and water balance
• secondary kidney processes: gluconeogenesis after fasting, production of renin and vit D activation
• granular cells release renin
• renin makes angiotensinogen to angiotensin 1
• angiotensin converting enzyme makes angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2
• angiotensin 1 increases MAP
• angiotensin I causes adrenal cortex to release aldosterone
• aldestrone increase Na+ and H2O absorption
• fibrous capsule prevents infection from spreading, is connective tissue and is transparent
• perirenal adipose capsule has fat that cushions against blows
• renal fascia is fibrous connective tissue and holds kidney in place
• the urine path goes from blood, to kidney (2), nephron, to ureter (2), to bladder, and urethra
• renal blood flow pathway are arteries that deliver 25% of systemic CO
• the L. ventricle, aorta, renal artery (to kidney), segmental artery (to lobe), interlobar artery (to cortex), cortical radiate artery, afferent arteriole, glomerulus capillary (fenestrated high BP), efferent arteriole
• peritubular capillaries (continuous low BP), cortical radiate vein, alcurate vein, interlobar vein, renal vein, inferior vena cava
• nephron is where filtration occurs
• cortical is 80% in cortex
• juxtamedullary is 20% deep into medulla (concentrated urine)
• the renal corpuscle has the glomerulus and bowman's capsule
• the renal tubules have the PCT, loop of Henle and DCT
• afferent arteriole regulates BP
• efferent arteriole lows BP into peritubular capillaries
• Bowmans capsule has parietal and visceral layer
• Bowman's capsule parietal layer only supports
• Bowman's capsule visceral layer filters and has podocytes
• in the nephron blood becomes filtrate
• the glomularis is a clump of glomularis cells, its fenestrated meaning solutes can go through not proteins
• Proximal convoluted tubule desirables are removed from filtrate like glucose and amino acids
• the PCT has cuboidal cells
• Descending segments is thin where water moves in and out
• Descending segments is made out of squamous
• Ascending segment is thick
• Ascending segment is permeable to ions and has cuboidal cells
• Distal convoluted tubule is where undesirables is absorbed into filtrate
• DCT is made out of cuboidal cells
• Collecting duct is not part of nephron
• in the collecting duct water is reabsorbed into blood as needed
• In the collecting duct filtrate becomes urine
• Kidney lobe is the pyramid and cortex
• The cortex contain the nephron