NSTP

• population is the whole number of people or inhabitants in a country or region
• As the number of people in a pyramid increases, so do the problem related to the increased population
• According to Miller, birth rate is the ratio between births and individuals in a specified population and time. The death rate is the ratio between the number of deaths and individuals in a specified population and time 
• population explosion is a pyramiding of number of a biological population
• Miller also defined migration as the number of people moving in (immigration) or out (emigration) of a country, place or locality
• The population change is calculated by the formula: Population change= (Births + Immigration) – (Deaths + Emigration)
• Effects of Population Explosion

  • Unemployment
  • Poverty
  • Malnutrition
  • Air and water pollution
  • Lack of education resources
  • Domestic violence
  • Juvenile Delinquency
  • Increased death rates
• Juvenile delinquency is one of the effects of population explosion and poverty. This is regarded as a serious problem not only in our country, but in many other countries as well. It is particularly widespread in highly industrialized nations that have large cities.
• Juvenile Delinquency refers to the violation of a law by a juvenile. It includes those acts that would be crimes if committed by adults, such as car theft and burglary.  
• Many people use the term juvenile to include anything the youngsters do that violates the standards of society regardless whether these are committed legally or illegally.  
• The legal age in which a person is considered a juvenile varies from place to place. In most countries, it is under 17 years old.
• The term juvenile delinquency was established so that young offenders could avoid the disgrace of being classified as criminals in the logbook of police headquarters.
• Juvenile Delinquency Laws were designed to provide treatment, rather than punishment
• The following are the causes of delinquency: 1. Community disorganization

  2. Availability of drugs and firearms

  3. Persistent poverty

  4. Violence in the home

  5. Problem behaviors

  6. Poor parental monitoring

  7. Inconsistent disciplinary parents

  8. Maltreatment
• The following are the causes of delinquency:

  • Community disorganization
  • Availability of drugs and firearms
  • Persistent poverty
  • Violence in the home
  • Problem behavior
  • Poor parental monitoring
  • Inconsistent disciplinary parents
  • Maltreatment
• Work is very essential in order for us to live. We will not able to support ourselves in our daily sustenance as well as our families if we do not work.  
• Work has been in existence from the time God created the world. At the very beginning of the Bible, God reveals Himself as a worker. Hence, there is a need for us to look into the Bible doctrine of work 
• In Genesis 1:26, 28 and 31, we read, “Then god said, “Let us make man in our image, in our likeness, and let him rule over the fish of the sea and the creatures that move along the ground.”
• In Genesis 2:8, 15 we are informed how God planted the Garden of Eden and put the man whom He had made into this garden, commanding him to “till it and keep it.”
• We have to bear in mind three things:

  1. Work is intended for the fulfillment of the worker.
  2. Work is intended for the benefit of the community.
  3. Work is intended for the glory of God.
• Unemployment is defined as the percentage of the labor force unemployed at any time. It is endemic in very single free market economy.  
• Unemployment occurs when a person who is actively searching for employment is unable to find work. Unemployment is often used as a measure of the health of the economy
• The most frequent measure of unemployment is the unemployment rate, which is the number of unemployed people divided by the number of people in the labor force
• TYPES OF UNEMPLOYMENT

  1. Frictional unemployment
  2. Structural unemployment.
  3. Cyclical unemployment-business-cycle
  4. Institutional unemployment
• Frictional unemployment. This is a type of unemployment caused by workers voluntarily changing jobs and by temporary layoffs. After a person leaves a company, it naturally takes time to find another job.
• Frictional unemployment

  this type of unemployment is short-lived. It is also the least problematic from an economic standpoint. a natural result of the fact that market processes take time and information can be costly.
• Searching for a new job, recruiting new workers, and matching the right workers to the right jobs all take time and effort, resulting in frictional unemployment.
• Structural unemployment. This is unemployment of workers whose skills are not demanded by employers; they lack sufficient skill to obtain employment, or they cannot easily move to locations where jobs are available.
• Structural unemployment comes about through technological change in the structure of the economy in which labor markets operate
• Cyclical unemployment-business-cycle. This is type of unemployment caused by insufficient total spending (or by insufficient aggregate demand).
• Cyclical unemployment is the variation in the number of unemployed workers over the course of economic upturns and downturns, such as those related to changes in oil prices
• Institutional unemployment is unemployment that results from long-term or permanent institutional factors and incentives in the economy.  
• Government policies, such as high minimum wage floors, generous social benefits programs, and restrictive occupational licensing laws; labor market phenomena, such as efficiency wages and discriminatory hiring; and labor market institutions, such as high rates of unionization, can all contribute to institutional unemployment.
• The industrial psychologists describe various stages of the trauma in which the unemployed persons have experienced the loss of jobs as bereavement.
• Shock. This is a feeling of humiliation. It is a real blow to the self-image.
• Denial. The unemployment person starts to search for an explanation why he is hired. He may be too numb even to begin to understand. At the beginning of his unemployment, he is on a kind of holiday. Denial from reality protects him for the deep hurt.  
• Frustration. The make believe denial is starting to shatter especially if the wife and the children are starting to demand for their needs.
• Depression and Pessimism. There can be anticipation and a feeling of optimism at the beginning of the unemployed search for a job.
• Despair. After several years without work, the unemployed feels hopeless and bitter.
• Resignation. There is a marked feeling of inferiority and submissiveness. Many lose the ability to “crack a joke” and experience deterioration in health.