CPAR

• Film - Motion picture or the sequence
• Film - It can be recorded on film stock (celluloid) or digital media and it typically has audio accompanying the image.
• The film industry in the Philippines started in 1897.
• Time - This is considered as the most significant element of cinema.
• Physical Time - This refers to time for an action to take plate as it is being filmed and projected on the screen.
• Psychological time - This refers to the impression of the viewer on how long does it take for a certain action to take place and how he/she feels when watching that particular action.
• Dramatic time - This signifies the timeline of events portrayed in the film.
• Space - Just like in a painting or a photograph, a film, when projected on the screen has two dimensions.
• Scale - This aspect indicates the size of the objects on the screen and how these objects relate with the area surrounding them.
• Shooting angle - This denotes the location or angle from where the camera records the scene.
• Lighting - The position of lights can affect how the illusion of depth is created in the film.
• Theater


  An art form that involves performing carefully planned actions and emotions in front of an audience
• Elements of theater

  • Design
  • Audience
  • Performers
  • Performance Space
  • Text
  • Director
• Performers


  Persons who are onstage and portray their characters in a convincing way for the audience
• Audience


  The performers have to present in front of an audience and connect with them. They tend to respond to the energy the audience shows while watching the play.
• Director


  The director serves as an overseer of the entire production. They ensure the performers are doing their job well, including understanding and delivering the text. The director also ensures the production design works.
• Performance Space


  The space in which the actors can perform, and the space for the audience to sit or stand
• Design


  Essential in placing the overall feel of the production. Includes visual aspects like lighting, set and costumes, and non-visual aspects like sound effects.
• Text


  The script that must be presented in a particular play or production. The one who writes a play is called a playwright.
• Philippine theater is described as a wide range of mimetic performances that were created and presented with specific social objectives in mind.

  
• Forms and types of Philippine theater

  • Dulang Pahiyang (rituals)
  • Dulambayan (people's theater)
  • Teatrong Pansimbahan (church-related theater)
• Dulang Pahiyang


  Theater is not viewed as a separate activity but as part of life. Ritual falls under this type. Other forms include duplo, balagtasan, bayok and balitaw.
• Rituals


  A way to communicate with gods or spirits, involving a babylan or an albularyo, calling the spirit and being possessed by that spirit. While in that state, the shaman performs a sacrifice or pours water over the offerings.
• Duplo


  A poetic debate from which the balagtasan was derived. The balagtasan involves poems with four lines and 12 syllables per line.
• Bayok


  A Maranao joust. The theme of the joust depends on the occasion when it is performed. Two or more singers interpret the theme in a spontaneous song-dance-debate.
• Balitaw


  A poetic debate between a man and a woman. The term may also refer to the song, lyrics, dance, or the entire performance itself.
• Dulambayan


  Also known as people's theater, considered "theater in context of social movements." Includes drama simboliko, historical plays, plays with social realism, teatrong bayan ng manggagawa, people's theater, nationalist/protest/propaganda theater, and street theater.
• Drama Simboliko


  Allegorical nationalist drama which began during the American regime and was revived during the Marcos regime.
• Dulang Pangkalye


  Theater presented outside the theater building and without a stage area. Political theater is a form of street theater, but street theater can also be applied in rituals and religious plays.
• Teatrong Pansimbahan


  Theater concerned with spirituality, usually performed depending on the events in the church calendar (Catholic, Protestant). Includes traditional or folk forms like the senakulo and the komedya.
• Komedya


  A play in verse that portrays the lives of saints, but may also depict actual events or tales about royalty in the kingdoms of Africa, Europe, Arabia and Persia.
• Dapit


  The tradition of fetching the image of the community's patron saint, escorting the image from the house of the caretaker to the church, accompanied with music played by the brass band and dance.
• Flores


  Refers to the festival of flowers in honor of Mary, mother of Jesus (flores de Mayo), the everyday offering of flowers to the image of the Virgin (alay), or the closing procession on the last Sunday of May (flores de Maria). The sunduan involves males fetching young ladies and going together with the procession.
• Hudas


  The burning of the image of Judas Iscariot, popular in Bulacan, Pampanga and Cebu, usually held on the evening of Black Saturday or on the morning of Easter Sunday.
• Huling Hapunan


  An actual super enacted to commemorate the last supper of Jesus with his disciples on the night before His crucifixion.
• Moriones


  A short street play portraying the capture and beheading of Roman soldier Longinus, who was involved in the crucifixion of Jesus Christ.
• Paghuhugas ng Paa


  A short ritual reenacting Christ washing the feet of his disciples before the Last Supper, demonstrating humility and serving others.
• Panunuluyan


  A procession that reenacts Mary and Joseph's search for an inn in Bethlehem, using two karo or floats bearing the image of Mary and Joseph, and singing of one male and one female singer accompanied by a brass band.
• Pastores or Shepherd's Dance


  A reenactment of shepherds honoring the infant Jesus, typically presented before Christmas Day. In some areas, pastores involves a group of singers dressed as shepherds who go to every house in the area singing and dancing to Christmas songs.
• Osana


  A short reenactment of the triumphal entry of Jesus Christ to Jerusalem.