chapter 1 -cogni

• Cocktail Party Effect


  The ability of an individual to focus on one out of many voices
• Cocktail Party Effect


  • Cassandra is in a social gathering, and she saw her friends. They have talked about the memories of the past for about an hour however Cassandra's focus shifted immediately to the other group when she heard her name
• Cognitive Psychology


  The study of how people perceive, learn, remember, and think about an information
• Dialectic


  A developmental process whereby ideas evolve over time through a back-and-forth exchange of ideas
• Philosophy


  Seeks to understand the general nature of many aspects of the world
• Physiology


  Seeks a scientific study of life-sustaining functions in living matter, primarily through empirical methods (observation-based)
• Rationalism


  • The only route to truth is reasoned contemplation
  • The route to knowledge is thinking and logical analysis
  • Does not need experiments to develop new knowledge
• Empiricism


  • Only route to truth is meticulous observation
  • We obtain evidence through experience and observation
  • To explore human mind, they conduct experiments.
• He was an empiricist.

  Aristotle.
• He was a rationalist.

  Plato
• A statement of belief. You can propose your idea.

  Thesis
• Counters the thesis you proposed.

  Antithesis
• thesis vs antithesis leads to this which integrates the most credible features of the two

  synthesis.
• Wilhelm Wundt


  Contributed to the development of structuralism, often viewed as the founder of structuralism in psychology
• Introspection


  The conscious observation of one's own thinking process
• it is a method to gain knowledge where in it focuses on reflective thinking and logical analysis.

  rationalism
• it is a method to gain knowledge where in it focuses on observing.

  empiricism
• it is a method to gain knowledge where in it uses observation and as well as thinking and logical analysis.

  Synthesis
• Psychological Antecedents or Approaches to Studying the Mind

  • Structuralism
  • Functionalism
  • Pragmatism
  • Synthesis *Associationism
  • Behaviorism *extreme form of associationism
  • Gestalt Psychology
  • Synthesis *Cognitivism
• Structuralism


  Seeks to understand the structure of the mind and understanding the perceptions into their constituent components (affection, attention, memory, and sensation)
• Structuralism


  • The perception of a tulips. They would likely analyze this perception in terms of its geometric form, its size relations and etc.
• Functionalism


  Seeks to understand what people do and why they do it
• Functionalism


  Believes in using whichever methods that best answers a given researcher's question
• Pragmatism


  Knowledge is validated by its usefulness
• Pragmatism


  Concerned not only with knowing what people do, they also want to know about the knowledge we have of what people do
• Synthesis *Associationism


  It is like functionalism but more of an influential way of thinking than a rigid school of psychology
• Synthesis *Associationism


  Examines how elements of the mind, like events or ideas, can become associated with one another in the mind to result in a form of learning
• Behaviorism *extreme form of associationism


  Use of animals in research
• Behaviorism *extreme form of associationism


  Focuses only on the relation between observable behavior and environmental events or stimuli
• Gestalt Psychology


  We best understand psychological phenomena when we view them as organized, structured wholes. We cannot fully understand behavior when we only break phenomena down into smaller parts
• Synthesis *Cognitivism


  Understand behavior through the ways people think