Uwhs

• Ecosystem


  The interrelationship of organisms with their environment
• Biome


  A specific geographic area notable for the species living there, can be made up of many ecosystems
• Ecology


  The branch of biology that studies the interrelationship of organisms with their environment
• The ecosystem was coined by British plant ecologist Sir Arthur George Stanley
• Habitat


  A system of constant interaction with its biotic and abiotic components
• Two major groups in ecosystem

  • Producers or Autotrophs
  • Heterotrophs
  • Consumers
  • Decomposers
  • Scavengers
• Biotic components


  The living things that are found in an ecosystem
• Abiotic components


  The non-living things that are found in an ecosystem

  
• Energy from the sun is essential in an ecosystem
• Trophic level


  The feeding levels where energy is transferred from producers to various trophic levels
• Energy pyramid


  Shows the trophic level or feeding levels where energy is transferred from producers to various trophic levels

  
• Flow of energy in an ecosystem

  1. Food chain

  2. Food web
• Food chain


  A single path or flowchart of what organisms eat
• Food web


  Describes the feeding relationship of organisms in an ecosystem
• Charles Elton introduced the concept of food web, which he called food cycle
• Types of interaction in an ecosystem

  • Competition
  • Predation
  • Symbiosis
• Biome is not the same as ecosystem
• Examples of terrestrial biomes

  • Tropical forest
  • Temperate forest
  • Taiga
  • Tundra
  • Desert
  • Grassland
  • Savanna
  • Shrubland
• Tropical forest


  • Found near the equator, temperature is always warm, receives abundant rainfall, two types: tropical seasonal forest and tropical rainforest
• Taiga


  • Biome of vegetation composed primarily of cone-bearing needle-leaved or score leaved evergreen forest, very cold forests, found in the Northern hemisphere
• Temperate forest


  • Found south of taigas, temperature ranges from 6 to 28 degrees Celsius and changes every season, has well-defined seasons: summer, spring, winter, autumn
• Tundra


  • Found in the Arctic circle, south of the Polar ice caps in the Northern Hemisphere, temperature ranges from -26 to 12 degrees Celsius, characterized by a thin layer of topsoil over the permafrost
• Desert


  • Found on every continent except Europe, temperature ranges from 7 to 38 degrees Celsius, plants and animals are adapted to endure dry, hot conditions
• Savanna


  • Found in South Asia, Australia, South America, and in Central and Southern Africa, temperature ranges from 16 to 24 degrees Celsius, characterized as tropical grasslands with scattered deciduous trees and shrubs
• Grassland


  • Found in Asia, North America, South America, Australia, and Africa, temperature ranges from 0 to 25 degrees Celsius, covered with tall grasses in moist areas and short grasses in drier areas
• Shrubland


  • Also called as chaparrals, found surrounding the Mediterranean Sea, Western coasts of North and South America, South Africa, and Australia, temperature ranges from 1- to 40 degrees Celsius, region is dominated by either small trees or shrubs, leaves of the plants in shrublands are called evergreen
• Examples of aquatic biomes

  • Freshwater biomes
  • Marine biomes
• Freshwater biomes


  • Characterized by low levels of salinity, includes lakes, ponds, rivers, streams, and wetlands
• Marine biomes


  • Primarily made up of the saltwater oceans, estuaries are areas where freshwater from rivers meet and mix with marine water, creating brackish water
• Coral reefs


  • Considered as rainforests of the sea
• Mangrove or nipa forests


  • Found along coastlines, trees thrive in the brackish water, home to crustaceans and small fishes
• Impacts of biome destruction include increased flooding due to erosion and lack of trees, rising sea levels due to melting glaciers, and disruption of the food chain when apex predators become extinct
• Man is responsible for everything he does that leads to these effects
• There are four main types of leadership styles: autocratic, democratic, laissez-faire, and transformational.
• Leadership styles are the ways that leaders interact with their followers, communicate expectations, and make decisions.
• The first step to becoming an effective leader is to understand your own leadership style.