LESSON 3

• Research instruments


  Tools, techniques, or procedures used to collect data in a research study
• Survey


  • Gather standardized data from a large number of participants
  • Can be used to collect demographic information, numerical data, and such
• Focus group discussion


  • A moderator facilitates a discussion among a small group of participants to explore their attitudes, beliefs, and experiences regarding a particular topic
• Field notes


  • Record observations, reflections and insights during fieldwork/data collection
• Observation


  • Monitor the participants into natural settings to understand behaviors, interaction and social dynamics
  • Can be the participant/non-participant
• Audio-visual material


  • Recording of interview focus groups or observational sessions allows researchers to capture detailed verbal and non-verbal
• Interview types

  • Structured
  • Semi-structured
  • Unstructured
• Data gathering procedure

  1. Phase 1 (Before)

  2. Phase 2 (During)

  3. Phase 3 (After)
• phase 1


  researchers prepared necessary tools for the interview to be conducted, includes agreement and consent form for audio recording of interview
• phase II


  researcher will make sure that participants is comfortable and extra questions is nothing personal
• phase III


  researcher will make sure that the field notes and audio material is kept only for the researchers