Chemistry unit

• What is a proton?

  A proton is a subatomic particle that carries a positive electric charge and is found in the nucleus of an atom.
• What is a neutron?

  Subatomic particle with neutral charge.
• What is an electron?


  An electron is a subatomic particle with a negative charge that orbits the nucleus of an atom.
• What is an atomic mass?

  The total mass of an atom.
• What is a nucleus and what does it consist of?

  Center of an atom, consists of protons and neutrons.
• What is the relationship between a proton and an electron in the nucleus?

  Protons and neutrons have opposite charge, the protons are in the nucleus along with the neutrons whereas the electrons are in the valence shells which orbit around the nucleus.
• What is a cation?

  A positively charged ion.
• What is an anion?

  A negatively charged ion.
• what is an ion?

  An ion is an atom or molecule that has gained or lost electrons, resulting in a positive or negative charge.
• what is a net charge?

  Overall charge of an object.
• Where is the period in a periodic table?

  Periods are the horizontal rows in a periodic table.
• Where is the groups in a periodic table?

  Columns on the periodic table.
• How do elements in a group show similar chemical properties?

  They all have the same valence shell electron configuration
• Describe and draw the structure of atoms in terms of electron shells and the parts that make up an atom:

  
• Explain how the electron structure of an atom determines its position in the periodic table and its properties?

  Electron configuration determines its position in the periodic table and its properties.
• What is electronic configuration?

  The arrangement of electrons in an atom or molecule.
• Identify what an atomic number is and how to calculate it?

  Atomic number is the number of protons in an atom, and can be found on the top of the chemical in the periodic table. To calculate atomic number the formula is: the number of protons = the atomic number
• Write and interpret electron configuration?

  Electron configuration: Distribution of electrons in an atom's electron shells. It is written using numbers and letters to represent the energy levels and sublevels where electrons are located.
• Write and interpret valence electron configuration?

  Valence electron configuration: The arrangement of electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom. It determines the atom's chemical properties.
• How do ionic bonds form between metals and non metals?

  Electrostatic attraction is how ionic bonds form between metals and non metals.
• Covalent bonds form between non-metal elements?

  Yes, the process involves covalent bonds sharing electrons between atoms of elements.
• Difference between composition and decomposition reaction?


  Composition: Two or more substances combine to form a single compound. ----> a + b --> ab

  
  

  Decomposition: A single compound breaks down into two or more substances. ----> ab --> a + b
• Difference between single displacement and double displacement reactions?


  Single displacement: one element + a double element = the product.

  ---> a + bc = b + ac

  Double displacement: two elements + two elements = the product.

  ---> ad + bc = ac + bd
• Explain how precipitates are formed by chemical reactions?

  Insoluble product formed when one of the reactants produce an insoluble product.
• Define reaction rate and describe how it can be measured?

  Reaction rate: The speed at which a chemical reaction takes place. Measurement: Reaction rate can be measured by monitoring changes in concentration of reactants or products over time, using techniques such as spectroscopy, titration, or pressure measurements.
• Discuss factors that can increase the rate of a reaction?

  Temperature, concentration, pressure, surface area, catalysts.