ICT

• The word computer originally refers to a job title for a person whose line of work is to count repititive numbers and calculations
• The meaning of computer was changed until the end of the 19th century when people realized that machines can accurately perform calculations faster than a human being.
• Ability of computer machine:

  • Store - capacity to save or keep data for a later use
  • Retrieve - can load saved file
  • Process - can create an output
  • Communicate - can send and receive information
• Abacus - an ancient calculating device used by civilizations such as the mesopotamians and chinese, demonstrating the concept of manual computation
• Slide rule - a mechanical analog computer used for multiplication, division, and other mathematical calculations
• Blaise Pascal invented the Pascaline, it is the 1st mechanical and automatic calculator
• Joseph Marie Jacquard - invented the loom that could weave a pattern
• Charles babbage - invented the 1st computer that can conceive a steam-driven calculating machine
• Ada lovelace - 1st female programmer
• George Scheutz - designs the worlds 1st printing calculator
• 1st generation of computer uses vacuum tubes
• 2ng generation computers uses transistors
• 3rd generation computers - uses integrated circuits (IC)
• 4th generation computers uses very large scale integration (VLSI) and the microprocessor
• 5th generation computers uses artificial intelligence (AI)
• The Internet is a storehouse of digital information.
• A router is a specialized computer needed to connect a network to the Internet.
• IP stands for Internet Protocol
• the Domain Name System was created to INTERACTION automate the process.
• ❖ .com – used by commercial organizations

  ❖ .org – used by nonprofit organizations

  ❖ .edu – used by educational institutions

  ❖ .gov - used by government organizations

  ❖ .int - used by international entities

  ❖ .mil – used by military organizations

  ❖ .net – used by network backbone systems and network information systems
• Dial-Up Connection This connection type uses a modem (modulator-demodulator) and a telephone line
• Integrated Services Digital Network is a digital network that still uses telephone lines although it requires specialized equipment to transfer information.
• Digital Subscriber Line also uses telephone lines.
• Cable Internet Instead of connecting to an ISP, you will be connected to the Internet through the cable provider
• Lan - local area network, for limited area only
• Man - metropolitan area network, for city or region
• Wan - wide area network, for country
• Joseph Marie Jaquard - invents a loom
• Georg Scheutz and his son edvard designed the worlds 1st printing machine
• Herman Hollerith designed a punch-card system
• Vannear Bush invest and builds the different analyzer
• Alan Turing presents the principle of a universal machine called turing machine
• Howard Aiken invented a machine that could perform calculations of large numbers
• IBM and harvard partnered to build Mark 1 computer - 1st programmable digital computer
• Email (electronic mail) is a way to send and receive messages across the internet
• Diagram of how email works:

  sender - Sender email service provider - Sender email server - Domain name system - receiver email server - receiver email service provider - receiver