Cell Biology

    Cards (134)

    • Eukaryotic cells
      Cells that contain their genetic material enclosed in a nucleus
    • Eukaryotic cells
      • Contain a nucleus
      • Contain a cell membrane
      • Contain cytoplasm
    • Prokaryotic cells
      Cells where the genetic material is not enclosed in a nucleus
    • Prokaryotic cells
      • Do not have a nucleus
      • Have a cell membrane
      • Have a cell wall
      • Contain cytoplasm
      • May have plasmids
    • Prokaryotic cells
      Are much smaller than eukaryotic cells
    • Meter
      The base unit of measurement in science
    • Sizes in biology
      • Often much smaller than a meter
    • Centi
      One hundredth
    • Centimeter (cm)

      One hundredth of a meter
    • Size of objects
      • Width of little finger is around 1 cm
    • Milli
      One thousandth
    • Millimeter (mm)

      One thousandth of a meter
    • Micro
      One millionth
    • Micrometer (μm)

      One millionth of a meter
    • Size of objects
      • Typical human cell is 10-20 micrometers in size
    • Nano
      One billionth
    • Nanometer (nm)

      One billionth of a meter
    • Size of objects
      • Hemoglobin molecule is around 5 nanometers in diameter
    • Prefixes centi, milli, micro, and nano are used to describe sizes in science
    • Smaller units like micrometers and nanometers are used to measure the size of cells and their components
    • Order of magnitude
      A way to compare the approximate size of different objects
    • Order of magnitude
      Every order of magnitude is ten times greater than the one before
    • The number of zeros tells you the order of magnitude
    • Calculating order of magnitude
      1. Count the number of zeros
      2. Each zero represents one order of magnitude
    • Eukaryotes
      Organisms whose genetic material is enclosed in a nucleus
    • Nucleus
      Encloses the genetic material
    • Cytoplasm
      Watery solution where chemical reactions take place, including the first stage of respiration
    • Cell membrane
      Controls the molecules that can enter and leave the cell
    • Mitochondria
      Where aerobic respiration takes place
    • Ribosomes
      Sites of protein synthesis
    • Mitochondria and ribosomes are too small to be seen using a light microscope, so an electron microscope is needed
    • Proteins carry out many functions, such as enzymes
    • Plant cell
      Differs from animal cells in regular shape, packed with green structures (chloroplasts)
    • Plant cell
      • Contains nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes
      • Contains chloroplasts, cell wall, large permanent vacuole
    • Chloroplasts
      Green structures that contain chlorophyll and are sites of photosynthesis
    • Cell wall
      Made from cellulose, strengthens the cell
    • Vacuole
      Large permanent structure filled with cell sap, helps give the plant cell its shape
    • Plant cells are eukaryotes, like animal cells
    • Nucleus contains genetic material
    • Cytoplasm is where chemical reactions take place