شابتر ١

• Take proper history and provide care according to priority
• Don't do any experiments
• Chain of Survival

  • Early Access
  • Early CPR
  • Early Defibrillation
  • Early Advanced Care
• Priority of Victims

  • Save conscious patient before unconscious patient, because he has a higher chance for recovery
  • Save the young before the old
• Don't jeopardize your own life while do first aids, in case of immediate danger, get out of site immediately
• Provide care to the victim according to the priority (3B's)


  1. Breathing

  2. Bleeding

  3. Bones
• First Aider


  The person who have learnt the standard method to provide the first aids
• Responsibilities of First Aider

  • Gain access to the patient in easiest and safest way
  • Observe the accident scene
  • Identify patient injury or nature of disease
  • Make essential calls, direct others to direct the traffic
  • Determine if patient conscious, unconscious, or alive
  • Provide the appropriate treatment according to priority
  • Assess the injury as soon as possible
  • Remain with patient until arrival of assistance
• Recovery position patients who are unconscious or semiconscious, but still breathing
• If there are spinal or neck injuries, don't attempt to put patient in recovery position
• Recovery position for long time may cause nerve compression
• Content of first aid kit

  • Disposable non-latex gloves
  • Wrapped sterile adhesive dressing
  • 2 sterile eye pads
  • Wrapped triangular bandages
  • Wrapped sterile unmedicated wound dressing
  • Adhesive tape
  • Moist cleaning wipes for the first aider hands
• Medical, Legal, & Ethical Issues

  • Consent/Refusal of care
  • Confidentiality
  • Torts and criminal actions
  • Evidence preservation
  • Statutory responsibilities
  • Ethical principles
  • End-of-life issues
• Consent

  • Giving approval or permission, may be verbally or non verbally (expressed consent)
  • Implied consent, pt not refuse care, like unconscious patient
  • Consent for minors treatment needed from their parents or family
  • Any person has a legal right to refuse treatment, but first aider must explain to the patient consequences of refusing care
  • Patient refusal must be documented
• Confidentiality

  • Most patient information is confidential, including patient circumstances, history, assessment findings, and patient care given
  • Information shared only with other medical personnel
• Reportable crimes

  • Knife wounds
  • Gunshot wounds
  • Motor vehicle accidents
  • Suspected child or elder abuse
  • Domestic violence
  • Dog bites
  • Rape
• Not inform the proper authorities lead to sanction against you
• If the crime scene is not safe, wait until the law personnel give you the signal that the scene is safe
• Don't cut through knife or bullet holes in patient clothing
• Documentation include

  • Patient condition when found him
  • Description of patient injury or illness
  • Initial and repeated vital signs
  • Treatment you give to the patient
  • Agency or person who took over patient treatment
  • Any reportable events
• Abandonment

  • Occurs when trained person provide care, then leaves patient before another trained person takes over
  • You must continue treatment until another trained person arrives
• Negligence

  Occurs when patient get more injury or harm because the care provided not meet the criteria