Quiz 1 GenBio

• Plant development is the growth and maturation of the structures.
• Plant reproduction is the continuation of "life".
• Two classifications of land plants: vascular plants and non-vascular plants
• Spore bearing non-vascular plants

  1. Hornworts
  2. liverworts
  3. mosses
• Spore bearing vascular plant: Pteridophytes
• Classifications under vascular plants: Pteridophytes and Spermatophytes
• Pteridophytes are seedless vascular plants that reproduce through spores, while spermatophytes have seeds and produce gametes (egg cells).
• description for gymnosperms

  • cone bearing
• description for angiosperm

  • flowering plants
• female part of flower: pistil
• Parts included in Pistil

  1. Stigma
  2. Style
  3. Ovary with ovules
• male part of flower is called Stamen
• Stamen includes the anther and filament.
• Accessory organs of a flower

  1. Petals- colorful leaf-like that primarily attracts pollinators.
  2. Sepal- green leaf-like that protects flower bud
  3. Receptacle- thickened potrion below ovary
  4. Stalk (Pedicel)- support to all floral part
• Angiosperm life cycle

  1. Seeds developing embryos
  2. Undergoes development and differentiation to become seedlings
  3. Continuous growth and development to reach maturity
  4. becomes sexually mature
  5. produce gametophytes in pollens and ovules
  6. fusion of gametes during pollination
  7. Ovary develops into fruit
• Characteristic of asexual reproduction in flower

  • requires single parent
  • do not involve fussion of gametes
  • genetically identical to the parent
• Characteristic of sexual reproduction in plants

  • either self pollination or cross pollination
  • requires fusion of a sperm and egg cell
  • genetic Variation
• General Animal Life Cycle:

  1. Gametes
  2. Zygote
  3. embryo
  4. Young
  5. Adult
• Metamorphosis- rapid change from an immature larvae and juvenile into a sexually mature adult.
• Asexual Reproduction:

  1. Fission
  2. Fragmentation
  3. Budding
  4. Parthogenesis
• Fission- splitting of the parent individual into two approximately equal halves
• Fragmentation- breaking body parts into fragments that will regenerate into fully function individual
• Budding- bud forming that will eventually detach to develop a complete individual
• Parthogenesis- development of embryo from an unfertilized egg
• Sexual Reproduction: Internal and External
• In internal, sperm cells are deposited into the female reproductive tract. on the other hand, external usually involves release of gametes.
• internal- youngs are nourished or eggs are laid after fertilization. External- embryos are nourished externally
• internal- common in higher animals, reptiles and mammals. external- common in aquatic organisms
• 3 types of internal fertilization: oviparous, ovoviviparous, and viviparous.
• Oviparous- eggs are laid and incubated by the mother.
• Ovoviviparous- eggs are fertilized internally and the embryo develops in the uterus
• Viviparous- mother gives birth to live young
• External fertilization is when sperm meets egg outside the body
• Sexual reproduction involves two parents (male and female) that produce offspring with unique characteristics from their parents
• Internal fertilization is when sperm meets egg inside the body