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• • Prefix "re" meaning (to search again)
• French word "CERCHIER" (to seek or search)
• THREE POSSIBLE REASONS FOR CONDUCTING CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH

  • Exploration - conducted when there is little prior knowledge
  • Description - yield to additional information only when some knowledge has been obtained
  • Explanation - when substantial knowledge is available, it attempts to explain the facts already gathered
• CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH

  1. Empirical
  2. Logical
  3. Cyclical
  4. Analytical
  5. Critical
  6. Methodical
  7. Replicability
• CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RESEARCHER

  1. Intellectual curiosity
  2. Prudence
  3. Healthy criticism
  4. Intellectual honesty
  5. Intellectual creativity
• 10 QUALITIES OF A GOOD RESEARCHER

  1. Research oriented
  2. Efficient
  3. Scientific
  4. Effective
  5. Active
  6. Resourceful
  7. Creative
  8. Honest
  9. Economical
  10. Religious
• Research - It is the systematic study of trends or events which involves a careful collection, presentation, analysis, and interpretation of quantitative data or facts that relate man's thinking with reality
• Research - define as the scientific investigation of phenomena which includes collection, presentation, analysis, and interpretation of facts that link an individual's speculation with reality.
• Intellectual Creativity - a productive and resourceful investigator always creates new research
• Intellectual honesty - an intelligent researcher is honest to collect or gather data or facts in order to arrive at honest results. Honesty is the best policy of the researcher
• Healthy Criticism - the researcher is always doubtful as to the truthfulness of the results
• Prudence - the researcher is careful to conduct his research study at the right time and at the right place wisely, efficiently, and economically
• Replicability - the research design and procedures are replicated or repeated to enable researcher to arrive at valid and conclusive results
• Intellectual Curiosity - a researcher undertakes deep thinking and inquiry of the things, problems and situations around him
• Methodical - research is conducted in a methodical manner without bias using a systematic method and procedures
• Critical - research exhibits careful and precise judgment. A higher level of confidence must be established
• Empirical - research is based on direct experience or observation by the researcher
• Logical - research is based on the valid procedures and principle
• Analytical - research utilizes proven and analytical procedures in gathering data whether historical, descriptive, experimental, and case study
• Paul Felix Lazarsfeld - founder of modern research surveys
• Cyclical - is a cyclical process because it starts with a problem and ends with a problem
• Criminological Research - is a careful, systematic study of knowledge in the field of criminology or criminal justice.
• Criminological research - define as a systematic process of collecting and analyzing crime and victim data
• Aquino - is a simply, the systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic or problem
• Good - is a careful, critical, disciplined inquiry, varying in technique and method according to the nature and conditions of the problem identified, directed toward the clarification or resolution of a problem
• Pure research - this is also called "basic research"or "fundamental research". It aims to discover basic truths or principles
• Pure research - it is intended to add the body of scientific knowledge by exploring the unknown.
• Applied research - this type of research involves seeking new applications of scientific knowledge to the solution of a problem
• Applied research - it produces knowledge of practical use to man
• Action research - this is a decision oriented research involving the application of the steps of the scientific method in response to an immediate need to improve existing processes
• Action research - if a researcher continues to find practical applications from theoretical knowledge and uses this existing knowledge to produce useful products
• Library research - this is done in the library where answers to a specific questions or problems of the study are available
• Library research - the study is focused on the past and much of the secondary sources are found in the library
• LIBRARY RESEARCH

  STRENGTH

  • Libraries are stuff with librarians who are often subject matter experts or at least knowledgeable about their own collections
  • Library collections are heavily vetted. Students can be sure that the majority of items in a library are reliable sources

  WEAKNESS

  • Time and access can be obstacle to library research. Some resources may not be available for check out, which means the student must stay in delivery to use them
• Field research - this is done in a natural setting. No changes in the environment are made.
• Field research - both applicable to descriptive and experimental methods
• Field research - is an excellent method for understanding the role of social context in shaping people's lives and experiences
• Field research - enables a greater understanding of the intricacies and complexities of daily life
• Field research - also uncover elements of people's experiences are of group interaction of which we we're not previously aware
• FIELD RESEARCH

  STRENGTH

  1. It yields very detailed data
  2. It emphasizes the role and relevance of social context
  3. It can uncover social facts that may not be immediately obvious or of which research participants may be unaware

  Weakness

  1. It may lack breadth; gathering very detailed information means being unable to gather data from a very large number of people or groups
  2. It may be emotionally taxing
  3. Documenting observations may be more challenging than with other methods