acids and alkali

• ph 1 is 


  corrosive and an acid
• ph 14 is 


  corrosive and alkali
• diluted


  more water less solute
• pH 


  potential hydrogen
• hydrogen ions 


  acidic
• hydroxide ions 


  alkali
• pH 7 


  neutral
• pH indicators change colour when mixed with different substances but they cannot tell us how much acidity or alkalinity there is
• all alkalis and acids are soluble in water
• not all bases are alkali but all alkali are bases
• not all bases are water soluble
• acids are hydrogen donors, alkalis are hydrogen receptors
• the pH scale increases by tenfold
• universal indicator turns red in acid and blue in alkali
• the difference between acids and alkali is the amount of positively charged ions
• acids

  • tastes sour
  • turns blue litmus paper red
  • pH less than 7
• alkalis

  • tastes bitter
  • turns red litmus paper blue
  • pH greater than 7
• neutralisation is the mixing of acids and alkalis so the pH becomes neutral
• neutralisation is a chemical reaction as it forms new substances
• neutralisation produces salt and water
• hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide 


  sodium chloride + water
• first word of alkali + ending of acid = name of salt produced
• bases can also neutralise acids
• hydroxides and carbonates are alkalis