Did education policies succeeded in improving peoples lives

• overall opinion on why i think they did succeed

  there was massive expansion and a massive reduction in illiteracy the tsar regime where 88% of rural children didn't complete primary education but by 1959 99% urban + 98% rural people literate
• small argument against my overall opinion

  drop out rates for school were still high 1926 av = 2.77 years + attendance in rural areas was still a problem during harvest times
• points supporting - number of people in education increased creating more opportunities for a potential better life for those in the USSR (L)

  1917 narkompros aimed to provide free, universal + compulsory education 7-17 / 1918 school give children of all abilities same ed / 1929 14m - 1931 20m / 1930s bourgeois children ed / deportation of teachers in great terror = higher standard of ed in rural areas / soviet schooling program / the 5YP aimed to implement 10 year compulsory education
• points against - however there were many factors limiting the effects of the policies put in place for the expansion of education (W)

  poor school conditions = lack of resources during CW 1 pencil for 50 + transport underfunded till 1965 + parents pay for textbook equipment uniform / bad treatment of teachers = poorly paid + Muslim areas disrespected + killed during WW2 82000 schools destroyed + collectivization removed from schools + cultural revolution bourgeoisie / large drop out rates = 1926 av 2.77 years + most left after 1st 2 years of secondary for work + 5th 5 year plan overly optimistic / no support for rural = attendance for rural poor + at a disadvantage competing for college places 2/3 from urban + academic for white collar children + technical schools for middle class / attitudes = traditional attitudes difficult to change + cultural issues saw education expansion as rustification
• points supporting - courses / better education provided for adults who worked (W)

  short course + evening classes / 1964 2m attending / 1980s supported by Tv + radio / correspondence courses well attended showing appreciation / 1970s adults could get degrees + diplomas
• points against - adding the option to get an education to better your job prospects could cause pressure for already overworked people (L)

  short courses = additional demand on workers / feel like they have to to go to city jobs / women already expected to do lots
• points supporting = bigger emphasis on higher education (W)

  1917 narkompros declare uni for all / 1929 entry requirements replaces with quota system 70% to working class it ended in 1935 / opportunities for WC better than pre 1928 / free tuition + grants / 1964 1/2m studying HE part time / 1980s 1/3 involved in education / many specialized in technical subjects / academy of science 1970s = 8 Nobel prizes
• points against = not all policies worked as well as in theory, limited impact (L)

  technical school aimed at middle class / 1935 quota system abolished / khruchevs graduates spending 2 years in gov dictated position unpopular + scrapped 1964 / free tuition not available 1940-56 / grants low + stopped id performance poor / many failed / most had to work part time