Kingdom and Biological classification system

Cards (33)

  • Binomial system

    Allows scientists to accurately identify individual species
  • Scientific names always have two words
  • More accurate methods to classify organisms

    • Studying amino acids in proteins
    • Studying sequences of bases in DNA
  • Morphology
    Outward appearance of an organism
  • Anatomy
    Internal structure of an organism
  • Dichotomous key
    A way of identifying an organism, by working through pairs of statements that lead you to its name
  • Kingdoms
    • Animal kingdom
    • Plant kingdom
  • Groups within kingdoms

    • Species
    • Genus
    • Family
    • Order
    • Class
    • Phylum
    • Kingdom
  • Characteristic features of animals

    • Cells have a nucleus, but no cell walls or chloroplasts
    • They feed on organic substances made by other living organisms
  • Characteristic features of plants

    • Cells have a nucleus and cell walls made of cellulose, often contain chloroplasts
    • They feed by photosynthesis
    • They may have roots, stems and leaves
  • Five kingdoms

    • Animals
    • Plants
    • Fungi
    • Protists
    • Prokaryotes (bacteria)
  • Characteristic features of plants

    • Multicellular
    • Photosynthesis
    • Cell wall
    • Large vacuole
  • Characteristic features of animals

    • Multicellular
    • Nutrition
  • Fungi
    • Colourful and easy to spot
    • Made up of microscopic threads called "hyphae"
    • Cell wall not made of cellulose
    • Decomposers
  • Uses of fungi

    • Eat them as mushrooms
    • Use single-celled fungus (yeast) to make alcohol and bread
    • Obtain antibiotics such as penicillin
  • Characteristic of fungi

    • Usually multicellular but some unicellular
    • Chitin cell wall
    • Have nuclei and cell walls, not made of cellulose
    • Don't have chlorophyll
    • Feed by digesting waste
    • Contain ribosomes
  • Characteristic of prokaryotes
    • Usually unicellular
    • No nucleus, no mitochondria
    • Cell walls not made of cellulose
    • Circular loop of DNA free in cytoplasm
    • Often have plasmids
  • Characteristic of amphibians

    • Smooth and moist skin with no scales
    • Eggs no shell and laid in water
    • Tadpoles live in water, adults live on land
    • Tadpoles have gills for gas exchange, adults have lungs
  • Characteristic of reptiles

    • Dry scaly skin
    • Lay eggs with soft shell
  • Characteristic of mammals

    • Hair or fur on skin
    • Young develop in uterus, attached to mother by placenta
    • Females have mammary glands that produce milk
    • Have teeth, pinnae (ear flap), sweat glands, diaphragm
  • Characteristic of arthropods

    • Jointed legs
    • Segmented body
    • Exoskeleton
  • Four types of arthropods

    • Insects
    • Crustaceans
    • Arachnids
    • Myriapods
  • Features of insects

    • 6 jointed legs
    • Two pairs of wings (one or both may be vestigial)
    • 3 body parts (head, thorax, abdomen)
    • One pair of antennae
    • Breathe through tubes called tracheae
  • Features of crustaceans

    • More than 4 pairs of jointed legs
    • Two pairs of antennae
  • Features of arachnids

    • 4 pairs of jointed legs
    • No wings, no antennae
    • 2 body parts (cephalothorax and abdomen)
  • Features of myriapods
    • Many segments and jointed legs
    • One pair of antennae
  • Ferns
    • Grow from rhizome (thick underground stem)
    • Have roots, no flowers
  • Dicotyledons
    • Two cotyledons
    • Broad leaves
    • Network of veins
    • Ring of vascular bundles
    • Flower parts in multiples of four or five
  • Monocotyledons
    • Single cotyledon
    • Long narrow leaves
    • Parallel veins
    • Vascular bundles scattered
    • Flower parts in multiples of three
  • Viruses
    • Not made of cells
    • No cell membrane or cytoplasm
    • Have protein coat with genetic material
  • Viruses cannot move, feed, excrete, show sensitivity, grow or reproduce by their own</b>
  • Viruses do not display the seven characteristics of living things
  • Differences between viruses and bacteria