UCSP MODULE 7

• State

  An organized political community acting under a government and united by common set of laws
• State

  • Uses absolute power in directing the path of a society
  • Uses complete political coerciveness, which may come in the form of armed forces personnel, stricter laws, and rigid government policies in order to attain its societal goals and objectives
  • Market exchange is the primary form of economic subsistence of a state wherein standardized currencies are being used to exchange commodities
• Elements of the State

  • Population
  • Territory
  • Government
  • Sovereignty
• Forms of States

  • Authoritarian Government
  • Oligarchic Government
  • Democratic Government
• Authoritarian Government

  Differs in who holds power and in how control they assume over those who govern
• Monarchy

  A form of government in which supreme power is absolutely lodged with an individual, who is the head of the state, often for life or until abdication
• Totalitarianism


  A political system that strives to regulate nearly every aspect of public and private life, theoretically permits no individual freedom and that seeks to subordinate all aspects of individual life to the authority of the state
• Oligarchy


  A form of government in which power effectively rests with a small-elite segment of society distinguished by royalty, wealth, family, military, or religious hegemony
• Theocracy


  A government by divine guidance or by official who are regarded as divinely guided, where leaders are members of the clergy, and the state's legal system is based on religious law
• Democracy


  A form of government in which the right to governs is held by the majority of citizens within a country or a state, where all citizens have equal access to power and enjoy universally recognized freedoms and liberties
• Roles of the State

  • Provides security against external aggressions and war
  • Ensures security against internal disturbances disorders and crimes
  • Legally grants and guarantees the rights of the people
  • Issues and regulates currency and coinage
  • Undertakes steps for the creation of necessary conditions for the socio-economic-politico-cultural development of the people
  • Grants citizenship and protects their interests and rights
  • Conducts foreign relations, foreign trade and economic relations
  • Secures the goals of national interest in international relations
• Nonstate Institutions

  People and/ or organization that participate in international affairs and relations but are not affiliated with any state or nation
• Nonstate Institutions

  • Banks and corporations
  • Cooperatives and trade unions
  • Transnational advocacy groups
  • Development agencies and international organizations
• Bank

  A financial institution licensed to provide several financial services to different types of customers, mainly for their deposits and lending functions
• Major forms of banks

  • Commercial Banks
  • Investment Banks
• Commercial Banks

  Provide financial deposit with security and convenience, business, individual, and personal loans, and serve as payment agents within and outside the country, subjected to more regulations
• Investment Banks

  Financial intermediaries that perform a variety of services for businesses and some government, issue securities to the investing public, make markets, facilitate mergers, and act as brokers for institutional clients, under the supervision of regulatory bodies and subjected to fewer regulations
• The World Bank and the Asian Development Bank are the two most well-known financial institutions that are actively shaping the socioeconomic development of the Philippines
• Corporation

  A form of business operation that declares the business as a separate entity guided by a group of officers known as the Board of Directors, created by individuals, stockholders or shareholders, with the purpose of operating for profit
• Common Types of Corporations

  • For-profit entities
  • Not-for-profit entities
• For-profit entities

  Formed to generate revenues and provide a return to their shareholders, according to their percentage of ownership in the corporation
• Not-for-profit entities

  Operate under the category of charitable organizations, which are dedicated to a particular social cause such as educational, religious, scientific, or research purposes, and use their revenues to further their objectives
• The coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic is the defining global health crisis of our time and the greatest challenge we have faced. The pandemic is much more than health crisis but is also unprecedent socio-economic crisis.
• Non-governmental organization (NGO)

  A non-profit group that functions independently of any government, serving social or political goals such as humanitarian and environmental causes
• Creating an NGO to address the COVID-19 pandemic

  1. Name of the organization

  2. Purpose of the organization

  3. Organizational Structure

  4. Funding Sources

  5. Organization's Projects and Activities
• Types of Development Agencies

  • International Organization (IGO and INGO)
  • Non-government Organization (NGO)
• International Organization

  • An institution with membership drawn from two or more countries, facilitating cooperation among its members in the performance of one or more tasks
  • Can be public (IGO) or private (INGO)
• Examples of IGOs

  • United Nations
  • North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
  • International Monetary Fund (IMF)
  • European Union (EU)
  • Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
  • World Health Organization (WHO)
• Examples of INGOs

  • International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol)
• Most NGOs aim to promote the practice of democracy among societies and social change through their initiatives and organizational methods
• Many NGOs have targeted their efforts toward population groups that tend to be underserved by governmental programs, including women, the aged, physically and mentally disabled persons, the poor, and various social groups that have been marginalized by virtue of race, religion, ethnicity, caste, and social class
• If nonstate institutions interfere with the governing body

  Two possible things can happen: 1) Integration among these two institutions may take place to achieve precise solution towards development, 2) Conflict and tension may also arise because one could exceed the other in terms of societal control and influences
• The government plays a vital role in human society because it is expected that its efforts and initiatives must be aligned with individual welfare and service
• One of the most important roles of banks is to translate agreed-upon values into rights and obligation
• World Bank is NOT an example of a trade union