Reproduction in plants

• Pollination

  Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther of one flower to stigma of another flower of the same kind
• Animal pollination vs Wind pollination

  • Animal pollination: Flowers are large,brightly-colored , scented, have nectar

  Wind pollination: Flowers are small, dulled-coloured no nectar
• Anthers hang out of the flower to allow pollen grains to be easily shaken free and carried by the wind
• Fertilisation


  Female reproductive cell fuses with male reproductive cell

  After fertilisation, petals, styles and stigma wither and drop off
• Seed dispersal

  Reduce overcrowding and competition with parent plant for space, sunlight, water and mineral salts.
• Seed germination

  • Seed needs air, water, and warmth

  Root grows first, gets nutrients from food stored in seed leaves

  Shoot grows next , young plant starts making its own food when it develops leaves
• The process of wind pollination

  • the filaments sway in the wind and pollen grains are shaken free.The pollen grains are carried away by the wind and will land onto the stigma of a another flower of the same kind.
• How does insects help the plant to reproduce?

  these insects help to pollinate the flower.
• How do bees help plants produce seeds?

  When a bee visits a flower to feed on nectar,the pollen grains will stick onto the bee‘s hairy body and will be transferred to the next flower the bee visits
• water dispersal?

  • have a fibrous husk which traps air.
  • seeds stay afloat in water
  • follow the direction of water flow.
• Wind dispersal?

  • small,light,wing-like structure
  • For seeds to be carried away by wind and dispersed over long distances
• splitting/explosive action ?

  Seeds are near the parent plant
• Animal dispersal ?

  • dispersed randomly
  • get dispersed by sticking onto the animal’s fur
  • fruits are juicy,brightly-colored
  • seeds have hooks,stiff hairs
  • undigested seeds will be passed out in their droppings
• Fertilization takes place in the ovary
• male parts of a flower ?

  anther(produce pollen grains)

  filament (supports the anther)
• female parts of a flower?

  Ovary(protects the ovule)

  Ovule(contain egg cells)

  Style(Connects the stigma to the ovary)

  Stigma(receives pollen grains)
• Pollen tube grows down through the style into the ovary where it reaches the ovules.