English

• Research proposal


  Detailed plan or blueprint used by researchers in the conduct of research
• Research proposal


  • Includes process of intensive conceptualization which necessitates time, effort, and expertise to accomplish
  • Assures researchers systematic and logical approach to the conduct of investigation
• Major components of a research proposal

  • The Problem and Its Background
  • Related Literature and Studies
  • Research Methodology
• The Problem and Its Background

  • Introduction
  • Conceptual/Theoretical Framework
  • Statement of the Problem
  • Hypothesis
  • Significance of the Study
  • Scope and Delimitation of the Study
• Introduction


  • Discusses how the problem is perceived
  • Details the background of the study
  • States the actual problem the researcher investigates
  • Presents the rationale for doing the study
  • Sets the study on context and gives the background of the study in terms of some previous works
• Conceptual/Theoretical Framework


  • Both are creations of authors upon which the study is based
  • Theoretical Framework presents theories that explain the relationship among the given phenomena
  • Conceptual Framework illustrates the variables to be studied
  • Conceptual Framework becomes the central theme or focus of the study
  • Serves as a direction in the conduct of the study
  • Shown in paradigm or diagrammatic representation
• Statement of the Problem


  Presents the general problems and sub-problems of the study
• Hypothesis


  • Prediction of the possible outcomes of the study
  • Tentative conclusion or answer to a specific question raised at the beginning of the investigation
  • An educated guess about the answer to a specific question
• Significance of the Study


  • Contribution of the study to the specific field of study
  • Possible solutions to the existing problems or improvement to unsatisfactory conditions
  • Who are benefitted and how are they going to be benefitted
  • Possible contribution to the fund of knowledge
• Scope and Delimitation of the Study


  • Brief statement of the general purpose of the study
  • Subject matter and topics to be studied and discussed
  • Locale of the study where the data will be gathered
  • Population where the respondents will be selected
  • Period of the study
• Related Literature and Studies


  • Objectively and logically presents the reviewed literatures and studies
  • Use thematic format using keywords in the title and statement of the problem as major topics of the review
  • Citations must be within the last 5-10 years or depending on the field of study
  • Paraphrase literature citations and do not copy verbatim from sources
  • End with a synthesis or concluding statement
  • All sources should be included in the bibliography
• Definition of Terms


  • Facilitates understanding of the study by defining the terms or variables according to their contextual use
  • Only terms, words, or phrases which have special or unique meanings should be defined
  • Terms should be defined operationally
  • Definitions must be taken from varied sources
  • Definitions should be as brief, clear, and unequivocal as possible
  • Acronyms should be spelled out fully
• Research Methodology


  • Research Method Used
  • Population Frame and Sampling Scheme
  • Description of the Respondents
  • Research Instrument
  • Data Gathering Procedures
  • Statistical Treatment of Data
• Research Method Used


  • Established ways of approaching research questions
  • Serves as arm that delivers the goal and helps make the steps needed in testing the hypothesis
  • Deals with the design of the study or the overall strategy that the researcher chooses to integrate with the different components of the study in a coherent and logical way
• Population Frame and Sampling Scheme


  • Population is the aggregate or total of objects, persons, families, species, or orders of plants or animals
  • Sampling is the process of choosing a portion of a target population that can be the source of data for one's research
  • Sampling is applicable if the population of the study is too large
• Description of the Respondents


  • Provides discussion of the respondents of the study
  • Contains clear explanation as to the basis of choosing the respondents
• Research Instrument


  • Describes the tools to be used by the researcher
  • Should provide pertinent information related to the statement of the problem
• Data Gathering Procedures


  Indicates the process of collecting numbers, quantities, facts, or records which will be used as bases for drawing conclusions or making inferences
• Statistical Treatment of Data


  • Indicates the statistical tools of the study
  • Identifies which part of the research problem will make use of the specified statistical tool
• Reasons for difficulty in selecting research problem

  • Too many research problems that the student is considering
  • The needed data are difficult to obtain
  • Not all social problems are empirically testable
  • The student does not know how to specify a research problem
  • The student may not know the sources of research problem
  • The students may not have enough interest and special qualification to conduct the study