r&w

• Post Writing - final stage of the writing process ; entails looking over your draft critically, paying attention to content, organization, and mechanics by using techniques like revising, editing, and proofreading ; where the hard work of adding to, deleting from, rewording, and reorganizing your essays happens.
• Revision- the general process of going back

  through your whole draft, from start to

  end, and improving on or clarifying your

  writing subject’s meaning ; focuses on the bigger picture

  of your draft.
• Editing - sometimes known as proofreading ; more meticulous process of

  clarifying meaning by revising each

  word and line of your draft ; includes you working on

  grammatical principles ; focuses on its finer details,

  making sure every word contributes

  precise meaning.
• Paragraph Development- Refers to the writer’s capability to discuss his or her prose or ideas.
• Causal Analysis- Identifying causes and effects of a

  particular situation ; An example of this is a problem and

  solution paper.
• Causal Chain – A set of cause and

  effect that leads to multiple other sets.
• Narration- Storytelling ; A sequence of events not

  necessarily arranged in chronological

  order.
• Anecdote, Flashback, Flashforward, Time Stretch, Time Summary, Dialogue, are Types of Narrative Devices
• Anecdote

  ➢ Life story of a person.

  ➢ Sharing or recalling an experience.
• Flashback

  ➢ Happened in the past.

  ➢ Quickly looking at the past.
• Flashforward

  ➢ An event that is yet to happen.

  ➢ Future.

  ➢ Teaches moral.
• Time Stretch

  ➢ A single event which is given focus.
• Time Summary

  ➢ Making an event shorter.

  ➢ Uses transition words such as “a few

  years later” or “overnight”.
• Dialogue

  ➢ Spoken language in the text.

  ➢ Uses quotation mark.
• Personal Narrative - story written from the

  first-person point of view; it tells a personal story

  about something that happened to the writer ; story is written, usually chronologically, from the perspective of the writer.
• Classification and Division.

  ➢ It creates an air of systematization

  and order in their writing.
• Division - works together with

  analysis, wherein one breaks down a

  concept into its constituent parts; this process necessitates separating

  items.
• Classification - entails categorization

  which enables one to group together

  items according to their similarities.
• Consistency

  ➢ Characterized by having

  parallel similarities in the

  divisions you make in your

  writing.
• Exclusiveness

  ➢ Means there is no

  overlapping between or

  among the items divided

  and classified together.
• Completeness

  ➢ Means that no important

  part is omitted from the

  writing.
• Office Correspondence -

  Any written or digital communication

  exchanged by two or more parties ; come in the form of

  letters, emails, text messages, voicemails, note

  or postcards.
• Notice, order, instruction - Purpose of Office Correspondence
• Letters

  ➢ This is a formal message that is written,

  typed, or printed and is typically sent

  from one organization to another party

  outside the organization, such as

  customers, clients, or partners.
• Memos

  ➢ It is the most familiar form of internal

  communication in the business setting.
• Project Proposal-

  Are documents written for problem solving,

  service provision, event planning, or equipment

  selling ; convince the reader to do what

  the proposal suggests, such as buying goods

  or services, funding a project, or implementing a

  program.
• internal - within an organization
• external - from one organization to another
• RFP -Request for Proposal
• RFP is a document that gets sent

  to a qualified organization.
• solicited project proposal is sent

  in response to a Request for

  Proposal (RFP).
• Unsolicited Project Proposal

  ✓ It’s a bit like the cold call version of

  a proposal ; no one has asked

  for your proposal and there is no

  RFP involved. However, under the right

  circumstance, a well-executed

  unsolicited project proposal can be a

  game-changer.
• informal project proposal, a client may reach out

  with an informal request for a

  project proposal to be sent to them.
• Renewal Project Proposal

  ✓ used when a project

  has run its course and needs to

  start again.
• Continuation Project Proposal

  usually done on a

  calendar basis when a project is

  entering a new phase or when new

  resources are needed to ensure the

  project can continue ; don’t require as

  much work.
• Supplemental Project Proposal -

  needed in situations where you

  may have gone over budget or need

  more resources than you originally

  requested ; aims to persuade

  stakeholders to invest more

  resources by proving the value of

  the modified scope or project.
• Introduction

  This part provides the background

  necessary for understanding the project,

  which is done by discussing the

  following: (Rationale, Objectives, Benefits)
• Rationale – This identifies the problem to

  be addressed and shows the need to

  solve it.
• Objectives – These reveal what the

  project intends to achieve in terms of

  results. It also gives the reader an idea of

  the intended solution. Good objectives

  are SMART.
• Benefits – These show what the reader

  or the target audience can gain from the

  proposal, which may be improvements in

  processes or systems, an increase in

  revenue, or a change in behavior of the

  beneficiaries of the proposal.