Bacteria Morphology and Cell Structure
Cards (144)
- Metabolism
- Prokaryotic cells or Prokaryotes
- Eukaryotes and Eukaryotic cells
- Eukaryotes
- Other names of Cell Membrane
- Structurally, it is a mosaic composed of large molecules of proteins and phospholipids (certain types of fats).
- Is like a “skin” around the cell, separating the contents of the cell from the outside world
- Location: Innermost layer of the cell envelope, covering of the cytoplasm.
- Composition: Proteins and Phospholipids
- Function: A. Controls the efflux and influx of substances. B. Encloses the cytoplasm C. Various metabolic reactions take place
- Possess TRUE nucleus
- Controls the functions of the entire cell and can be thought of as the “command center” of the cell.
- Has Three components: nucleoplasm, chromosomes, and a nuclear membrane.
- (A type of protoplasm) is the gelatinous matrix or base material of the nucleus.
- Embedded or suspended in the nucleoplasm.
- The membrane that serves as a “skin” around the nucleus'It contains holes (nuclear pores) through which large molecules can enter and exit the nucleus.
- The organism’s complete collection of genes
- Is a semifluid, gelatinous, nutrient matrix.
- The semifluid portion of the cytoplasm, excluding the granules and organelles.
- Composition: Water, Enzymes, Dissolved O2 waste products, essential nutrients, proteins, carbohydrates and lipids.
- Function: A. Holds the cytoplasmic particles especially the 70s Ribosomes
- Often called Polyribosomes or Polysomes because they occur in clusters. They are the sites for protein synthesis and are subdivided into 50s and 30s subunits.
- Contain starch, Lipid, Sulfur and iron that serves as nutrients of bacteria
- Is a highly convoluted system of membranes that are interconnected and arranged to form a transport network of tubules and flattened sacs within the cytoplasm.
- They consist mainly of rRNA and protein and play an important part in the synthesis (manufacture) of proteins.
- Composed of two subunits—a large subunit (the 60S subunit) and a small subunit (the 40S subunit)—that are produced in the nucleolus.
- Also known as a Golgi apparatus or Golgi body, connects or communicates with the ER. This stack of flattened, membranous sacs completes the transformation of newly synthesized proteins into mature, functional ones and packages them into small, membrane-enclosed vesicles for storage within the cell or export outside the cell (exocytosis or secretion).
- Packaging plants
- Are small (about 1-μm diameter) vesicles that originate at the Golgi complex.
- (the engulfing of large particles by amebas and certain types of white blood cells called phagocytes)
- Are membrane-bound vesicles in which hydrogen peroxide is both generated and broken down.
- Contain the enzyme catalase, which catalyzes (speeds up) the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen.
- Referred to as the “power plants,” “powerhouses,” or “energy factories” of the eukaryotic cell, because this is where most of the ATP molecules are formed by cellular respiration.
- Plant cells contain both mitochondria and another type of energy-producing organelle.
- Are membrane-bound structures containing various photosynthetic pigments; they are the sites of photosynthesis.
- One type of plastid, contain a green, photosynthetic pigment called chlorophyll. Are found in plant cells and algae.
- Is the process by which light energy is used to convert carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates and oxygen
- System of fibers
- Three types of cytoskeletal fibers