World re

• Originated from the Persian word -

  (in Sanskrit, Sindhu) which means “river.”


  hindu
• It also refers to the people of the Indus Valley -

  the Indians.


  hindu
• world’s third largest religion


  hinduism
• Hinduism has also been described as


  Sanatana Dharma
• brought with them a polytheistic religion

  similar to that of other Indo-European people.

  aryans
• was the principal form of worship to the Aryan gods.


  sacrifice
• Offerings to gods include - and - performed on altars in open spaces.


  animals and dairy products
• has been the language of the earliest

  writings.


  Sanskrit
• The sacred writings of the Hindus are

  categorized into two classes

  Shruti and Smriti
• “That which is HEARD.”

  are sacred writings containing

  eternal truth heard from gods.


  SHRUTI
• “That which is REMEMBERED”

  are lesser sacred texts with

  privileged knowledge as

  remembered and handed on by

  ancient human sages.

  SMRITI
• Classified as the shruti

  texts in Hinduism.

  Vedas
• The word Veda means


  “knowledge” or “sacred lore”
• Regarded as foundation of

  the religion.

  Vedas
• Considered the earliest

  source of Indian’s religious

  history.

  Vedas
• Vedas has four primary books


  Rig Veda, Yajur Veda, Sama Veda, and Atharva

  Veda
• each Vedas consists of

  four main parts,

  the Mantras, Brahmanas, Aranyakas, and

  Upanishads.
• a collection of over

  a thousand of mantas or

  hymns to Aryan gods


  Rig Veda
• this is the compilation

  of materials to be recited

  during rituals and sacrifices

  to deities.

  Yajur Veda (knowledge of

  rites)-
• a collection of verses

  from the basic hymns to be

  recited by priests during

  sacrifices.

  Sama Veda (knowledge of

  chants)
• it contains rituals used in

  homes and popular prayers to

  gods.

  Atharva Veda (knowledge

  given by the sage Atharva)
• refers to hymns and

  chants for praising God.


  Samhita (collections)
• refers to the

  prose text attached to the Vedas.


  Brahmanas (expositions)
• from the word brahman meaning prayer or

  devotion


  Brahmana
• contain instructions

  on special rituals which may only performed by

  certain people and in isolated places.

  Aranyakas (forest treaties)
• discuss the essence of the vedas. Sometimes known as the Vedanta

  Upanishads (philosophical knowledge)
• This contains myths and legends about Hindu

  deities, and the creation and destruction of the

  universe

  PURANAS
• An Indian epic that teaches the values of duty

  and morality.

  RAMAYANA
• Regarded as a history of war and peace in

  India.

  MAHABHARATA
• A celebrated episode within the Mahabharata is the Bhagavad Gita (or simply Gita) which is translated as “the Lord’s Song.” It is believed to have been written between the second century B.C.E. and third century C.E.


  BHAGAVAD GITA
• formless, changeless, infinite,

  and eternal, neither male nor female and

  beyond space and time.

  BRAHMAN
• This - of Brahman also give rise

  to the Hindu practice of Ahimsa or non

  violence and respect for all forms.

  omnipresence
• The - is also seen as a

  representation of Brahman.


  soul (atman)
• Brahman with persona-like

  attributes- commonly takes the form of Trimurti.


  Saguna Brahman
• 3 images represent the three primary natures of

  Brahman

  Brahma- the creator

  Vishnu- the preserver of order

  Shiva- the destroyer.
• the actions of a person’s life that

  affects his or her fate in the next life.


  KARMA
• the religous and moral duties of

  an individual; duties are vary according to

  class, occupation, gender and age.

  DHARMA
• after death, souls are

  reborn into other form; reincarnation is

  determined by karma and dharma.

  REINCARNATION
• moral principle of nonviolence;

  Hindus believe that all things are aspects of

  brahman, therefore they should be respected.

  AHIMSA
• Followers of - values self- discipline and philosophy. They

  worship in temples and practice

  yoga.

  SHAIVISM