TCW - Unit 4

• Globe and Media are partners and act as a unit.
• Situations created through globalization and media make people conceive they belong to one world called global village.
• Global Village


  A term coined by Marshall MacLuhan in early 1960's, a Canadian media theorist, to express the idea that people throughout the world are interconnected through the use of new media technologies.
• According to scholars, the world is globalized in the 1900s upon the advancement of media and transportation technology.
• Five Time Periods in the Study of Globalization and Media

  1. Oral Communication
  2. Script
  3. The Printing Press
  4. Electronic Media
  5. Digital Media
• Globalization as a social process is characterized by the existence of global economic, political, cultural, linguistic, and environmental interconnections and flows that make

  many of the currently existing borders and boundaries irrelevant.
• Of all forms of media, human speech is the oldest and most enduring.
• Languages as a means to develop the ability to communicate across culture are the lifeline of globalization.
• True


  Without language there would be no globalization; and vice versa, without globalization there would be no world languages.
• Writing is humankind’s principal technology for collecting, manipulating, storing, retrieving, communicating and disseminating information.
• Writing may have been invented independently three times in different parts of the world: in the Near East, China and Mesoamerica.
• Writing is a system of graphic marks representing the units of a specific language.
• Cuneiform script created in Mesopotamia, present-day Iraq, is the only writing system which can be traced to its earliest prehistoric origin.
• Humans communicate and shared knowledge and ideas through script- the very first writing.
• The medium that drove humans to globalization was the script of Ancient Egyptian written in papyrus (plant).
• The printing press is a device that allows for the mass production of uniform printed matter, mainly text in the form of books, pamphlets and newspapers.
• Printing Press

  It revolutionized society in China where it was created. Johannes Gutenberg further developed this in the 15 th century with his invention of the Gutenberg press.
• The following are the consequences of the printing press:

  1. The printing press changed the very nature of knowledge. It preserved knowledge which had been more malleable in oral cultures. It also standardized knowledge.
  2. Print encouraged the challenge of political and religious authority because of its ability to circulate competing views. Printing press encouraged the literacy of the public and the growth of schools.
• Printing press helped foster globalization and knowledge of globalization.
• Electronic Media


  It refers to the broadcast or storage media that take advantage of electronic technology. They may include television, radio, internet, fax, CD-ROMs, DVD, and any other medium that requires electricity or digital encoding of information.
• The term electronic media is often used in contrast with print media.
• In the 20th century, the only available mass media in remote villages was the radio while film was soon developed as an artistic medium for great cultural expression.
• The most powerful and pervasive mass media is television as it brought the visual and aural power of film with the accessibility of radio.
• The introduction of television was a defining moment in globalization. Thus, the world is proclaimed a global village because of television.
• Phones and television are now considered digital while computer is considered the most important media influencing globalization.
• Computers give access to global and market place and transformed cultural life.
• The following are the companies involved in globalization: Microsoft, Apple, Google, and Facebook.
• Our daily life is revolutionized by digital media.
• Music participates in the reinforcing of boundaries of culture and identity.
• Popular music explains the complex dynamics of globalization not only because it is popular but music is highly mediated, is deeply invested in meaning and has proven to be an extremely mobile and resourceful capital.
• The change in popular music is not the outcome of globalization but rather popular music industry is a part of globalization phenomena.
• Religions played important roles in bringing about and characterizing globalization.
• Perspectives on the Role of Religion in the Globalization Process

  1. The Modernist Perspective
  2. Post-Modernist Perspective
  3. The Pre-Modernist Perspective
• The Modernist Perspective


  It is the perspective of most intellectuals and academics.
• The Modernist Perspective

  Its view is that all secularizations would eventually look alike and the different religions would all end up as the same secular and “rational” philosophy.
• The Modernist Perspective

  It sees religion revivals as sometimes being a reaction to the Enlightenment and modernization.
• Post-Modernist Perspective


  It rejects the Enlightenment, modernist values of rationalism, empiricism, and science, along with the Enlightenment, modernist structures of capitalism, bureaucracy, and even liberalism.
• Post-Modernist Perspective

  The core value of post-modernism is expressive individualism.
• Post-modernism is largely hyper- secularism, and it joins modernism in predicting, and eagerly anticipating, the disappearance of traditional religions.
• The Pre-Modernist Perspective

  There is an alternative perspective, one which is post-modern in its occurrence but which is pre-modern in its sensibility.