Biology midterm exam summery 7.1,7.2,7.3

• Diet


  The food eaten in one day
• Balanced diet


  Consists of all the food groups in the correct proportions
• Peristalsis


  Muscle contractions that move food through the alimentary canal
• Digestive system


  The group of organs that carries out digestion of food
• Liver


  • Key organ for detox, metabolism, bile production, and nutrient storage
• Pancreas


  It is an organ that releases a hormone called insulin which reduces blood sugar
• Ingestion


  Food is taken into the alimentary canal
• Digestion


  Large molecules of food are broken down into small molecules
• Absorption


  The small molecules are absorbed into the blood
• Egestion


  Food that can not be digested or absorbed is removed from the body
• Physical digestion


  The breakdown of food into smaller pieces, without making any chemical changes to the molecules in the food
• Chemical digestion


  The breakdown of large molecules in food into smaller molecules, so that they can be absorbed
• Assimilation


  The uptake and use of nutrients by cells
• Anus


  The exit from the alimentary canal
• Sphincter muscles


  Rings of muscle that can contract to close a tube
• Salivary glands


  Groups of cells close to the mouth, which creates saliva into the salivary ducts
• Oesophagus


  The tube leading from the mouth to the stomach
• Trachea


  The tube through which air travels to the lungs
• Stomach


  Digests and briefly stores food
• Lumen


  The hole in the center of the oesophagus
• Small intestine


  A narrow part of the alimentary canal
• Duodenum


  The first part of the small intestine
• Iluem


  The second part of the small intestine
• Large intestine


  A wide part of the alimentary canal
• Colon


  The first part of the large intestine
• Rectum


  The second part of the large intestine
• Pancreatic duct


  The tube that carries pancreatic fluid from the pancreas to the duodenum
• Bile


  An alkaline fluid produced by the liver
• Gall bladder


  A small organ that stores bile
• Bile duct


  The tube that carries bile from the gall bladder to the duodenum
• Enamel


  A strong material that covers up the surface of the tooth
• Dentine


  A living tissue that lies just beneath the enamel of a tooth
• Cement


  The material that holds a tooth in the gum
• Incisors


  Chisel-shaped teeth, used for biting
• Canines


  Pointed teeth, used for biting
• Premolars


  The teeth with board, used for grinding food
• Molars


  Are the same as premolars and bigger than it and it is used for grinding
• Maltose


  A reducing sugar made of two glucose molecules joined together
• Pepsin


  A protease enzyme secreted in gastric juice
• Gastric juice


  A liquid secreted by the walls of the stomach