Bio paper 1

• How to prepare and view onion cells- peel thin layer of onion and place on glass slide, stain with food colouring and place slide on stage. Select lowest objective power lens and use coarse and fine focusing dial to focus on cells
• adult stem cells can only differentiate into fewer types of cells and do not have as many uses
• Embryonic cells have ethical challenges but can differentiate into any type of cell
• positives of monoclonal antibodies are they target specific cells and treat a wide range of conditions
• negatives of monoclonal antibodies are they are expensive and have many side effects
• Test for sugar benedicts solution and heat in a water bath if sugar is present it will turn from blue for red
• Test for starch is iodine solution brown to blue/black
• protein test is biuret solution blue to purple
• test for lipids ethanol and distilled water colourless to cloudy