Environmental Crisis and Sustainable Development

• This refers to the most serious problem that humanity is facing today.

  deteriorating state of environment
• this release toxins in the atmosphere and lower the world's temperature.

  volcanic eruptions
• According to the US Geological Survey, this volcano has been releasing more than twice the amount of noxious sulfur dioxide gas, as the single dirtiest powerplant on the US mailand.

  Kilauea
• 1. The depredation caused by industrial and transportation toxins and plastic in the ground; the defiling of the sea, rivers, and water beds by oil spills and acid rain; the dumping of urban waste.
• 2. Changes in global weather patterns (flash floods, extreme snowstorms, and the spread of deserts) and the surge in ocean and land temperatures leading to a rise in sea levels (as the polar ice
• 3. Overpopulation
• 4. The exhaustion of the world’s natural non-renewable resources from oil reserves to minerals to potable water.
• 5. A waste disposal catastrophe due to the excessive amount of waste (from plastic to food packages to electronic waste) unloaded by communities in landfills as well as on the ocean; and the dumping of nuclear waste.
• 6. The destruction of million-year-old ecosystems and the loss of biodiversity (destruction of the coral reefs and massive deforestation) that have led to the extinction of particular species and the decline in the number of others.
• 7. The reduction of oxygen and the increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere because of deforestation, resulting in the rise in ocean acidity by as much as 150 percent in the last 250 years.
• 8. The depletion of the ozone layer protecting the planet from the sun’s deadly ultraviolet rays due to chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in the atmosphere.
• 9. Deadly acid rain as a result of fossil fuel combustion, toxic chemicals from erupting volcanoes, and the massive rotting vegetables filling up garbage dumps or left on the streets.
• 10. Water pollution arising from industrial and community waste residues seeping into underground water tables, rivers, and seas.
• 11. Urban sprawls that continue to expand as a city turns into a megalopolis, destroying farmlands, increasing traffic gridlock, and making smog cloud a permanent urban fixture.
• 12. Pandemics and other threats to public health arising from wastes mixing with drinking water, polluted environments that become breeding grounds for mosquitos and disease-carrying rodents, and pollution.
• 13. A radical alteration of food systems because of genetic modifications in food production.
• the result of billions of tons of carbon dioxide (coming from coal-burning power plants and transportation), various air pollutants trap the sun’s radiation causing the warming of the earth’s surface. The global temperature has risen at a faster rate in the last 50 years.

  Global Warming
• it is responsible for recurring heat waves and long droughts in certain places, as well as for heavier rainfall and devastating hurricanes and typhoons in others.

  greenhouse effect
• has experienced its worst water shortage in 1,200 years due to global warming.

  California
• brought heavy rains and resulted to worst flash floods in the 21st century.

  Storms
• global warming altered the summer monsoon patterns, leading to intermittent flooding that seriously affected food production and consumption as well as infrastructure networks.

  India and Southeast Asia
• Signed by 192 countries to reduce greenhouse gases, it set targets but left it to individual countries to determine how best they would achieve these goals.

  The protocol only had a slight impact on reducing global emissions (World Bank, 2010).

  Kyoto Protocol(1997)
• Negotiated by 195 countries, it seeks to limit the increase in global average temperature based on targeted goals as recommended by scientists.


  Paris Accord(2015)
• In South Africa, this happened to pressure industries to reduce emissions and to lobby parliament to the passage of pro-environment laws.

  environmental activism
• local officials and grassroot organizations from 1,000 communities push for crop diversification, a reduction of industrial sugar cane production, the protection of endangered sea species from the devastating effects of commercial fishing, the preservation of lowlands being eroded by deforestation up in rivers and inconsistent release of water from a nearby dam.

  El Salvador
• this sent teams to India to work with government offices, businesses, and communities in coming up with viable ground-level projects that “strike a balance between urgently needed economic growth and improved air quality.

  The University of Chicago’s Energy Policy Institute
• this country population pressure forced the government to pass “a blizzard of laws – 14 passed at once – in what became known as the Pollution Diet of 1970. These regulations did not eliminate environmental problems, but today, Japan has the least polluted cities in the world.

  Japan
• reported that in 2015, air pollution in the country was at its worst, aggravated by the Indian government’s inadequate monitoring system

  Greenpeace India
• this percent of Nigeria’s population is exposed to air pollution that the WHO warned as reaching dangerous levels.

  94%
• the capital of Bostwana, is the 7th most polluted city in the world.

  Gaborone
• The biggest copper mine in Malanjkhand in India discharges high levels of toxic heavy metals in water streams.
• In this country, the “tailings” from the operations of the Shanxi Maanqiao Ecological Mining Ltd., producing 12,000 tons of gold per year, “have caused pollution and safety problems.”


  China
• tagged as the culprit in changing rainfall patterns in Asia and Atlantic Ocean.

  Aerosol
• This was blamed by The International Agency for Research for 223,000 lung cancer deaths in 2010.

  air pollution
• These are the most severely affected by these environmental problems.

  poor
• Here, studies on adults’ health revealed that 46% in Delhi and 56% of in Calcutta have “impaired lung function” due to air pollution.


  India
• the toxicity of the soil has raised concerns over food security and the health of the most vulnerable, especially the peasant communities and those living in factory cities.

  China
• 37% (4 million) of the population live in slum communities, areas where “[t]he effects of urban environmental problems and threats of climate change are also pronounced… due to their hazardous location, poor air pollution and solid waste management, weak disaster risk management, and limiting coping strategies of households.”


  Metropolitan Manila
• it is the solution of the environmental crisis that we experience today

  globalization
• the traditional and existing type of economy today

  extractive and destructive