chem topic 5

• haber process

  A) answer = 3x 1000 = 3000

  
• rate at which equ is reached increases.

  partciles closeer together

  particles collide more

  A) rate at which equ is reched increases

  
• why do we never get 100% yeild ?

  • unwanted reactions - side reactions
  • incomplete reactions - not all R turned into P
  • practical losses - bits of chemicals lost when transferring
• improvements of titration

  • use a white tile under the flask to see the color change
  • clean equipment w/ deionized water
  • use larger volumes
  • repeat x3
• hazards of titrations

  • alkali/acid can irritate skin + eye - wear goggles
  • when pouring acid/alkali into the biurette + reading from the meniscus some can fall into ur eye - goggles and use a flask when pouring + fill slowly
• ionization energy definition 


  the energy needed to remove the outer e-

  the further the shell the weaker the e- ionization energy

  transition metals have a higher IE compared to GRP 1
• harber process


  N2+ 3H2 ⇌ 2NH3
• harber process -N2+3H2⇌ 2NH3 - temp

  • 450
  • ↑ temp, benefits the backward reaction, bc equ shifts to the left, so yield decreases
  • BUT ↑ temp ↑ rate of reaction
• harber process -N2+3H2⇌ 2NH3 - pressure

  • 200 amps
  • ↑ pressure, benefits the forward reaction, bc equ shifts to the right, yeild ↑
  • ↑ pressure,↑ ROR
• Harber process -N2+3H2⇌ 2NH3 - catalyst

  • ↑ ROR
  • ↓ activation energy
  • DOESNT EFFECT THE POSITION OF EQU
  • allows equ to be reached quicker