Biology

• photosynthesis word equation


  carbon dioxide + water = glucose + oxygen
• the energy from photosynthesis comes from

  light
• what two alternate factors affects photosynthesis rate?

  light intensity and carbon dioxide concentration
• what structures stop the blood flowing backwards in the heart?

  valves
• where does the heart receive oxygenated blood through the lungs?

  the pulmonary vien
• what blood vessels take blood away from the heart?

  pulmonary artery, aorta, brachial artery
• white blood cells have...

  a nucleus, they change shape, and they defend against bacteria and infection
• deoxygenated blood arrives at the lungs from the heart via the...

  pulmonary vien
• name the subcellular structures where areobic respiration takes place.

  the cells mitochondria
• what type of microscope would be used to look at ribosomes and plasmids?

  electron microscopes
• function of a chloroplast

  it allows photosynthesis to take place
• function of a ribosome


  help to make proteins
• the process where cells become specialised for their job is called...

  differentiation
• how many copies of each chromosome does the cells body have?

  two copies
• where are chromosomes found in the cell?

  in the nucleus
• what is the circulatory system made up of?

  the heart, blood vessels and blood
• two properties of artery walls...

  strong and elastic
• in what direction to arteries carry blood

  away from the heart
• what is the name of the tubes that the trachea splits into?

  bronchi
• what is the function of the coronary arteries?

  provides a main blood supply to the heart
• what does an artificial pacemaker do?

  regulates the heartbeat
• what do veins do?

  carry deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart
• what is the function of the left ventricle?

  pumps blood around the body
• nucleus


  contains DNA and controls what the cell does
• cytoplasm


  where most chemical reactions take place
• mitochondria


  where most aerobic respiration takes place and provides energy for the cell
• ribosomes


  where proteins are made
• cell membrane


  controls what goes in and out of the cell
• cell wall


  made of cellulose and supports the cell as well as strengthening it
• permanent vacuole


  contains cell sap
• chloroplast


  where photosynthesis happens
• plasmids


  small rings of extra DNA
• what is a pathogen

  they are micro-organisms that enter the body and cause disease
• four main types of pathogens

  fungi, bacteria, viruses, protists
• three ways in which pathogens are spread

  air, water and direct contact
• how to reduce infection

  be hygienic, vaccinations, and isolate infected people from others who are yet to be infected by something
• salmonella symptoms

  a fever, vomiting and diarrhoea
• how do you get salmonella

  eating food already infected by salmonella eg a chicken who had the disease when it was alive
• symptoms of ghonorrhoea

  pain when someone urinates and a yellow/green discharge that comes from the persons vagina or penis
• how do you prevent getting gonorrhoea

  use methods of protections such as condoms