Plant Respiration & Secondary Metabolism

• Aerobic respiration


  Biological process by which reduced organic compounds are mobilized and subsequently oxidized in a controlled manner to harvest stored energy
• In plant cells, reduced carbon can be derived from

  • starch
  • sucrose
  • frucose -containing polymers (fructans)
  • lipids (used during seed germination)
  • organic acids and proteins (when the plant is stressed)
• T or F: The primary role of plant respiratory metabolism is the controlled release of free energy together with its coupling to the synthesis of ATP

  True
• T or F: Respiratory metabolism provides carbon skeletons for biosynthesis of other molecules

  True
• Aerobic respiration

  • glycolysis
  • Citric Acid Cycle (CAC)
  • Oxidative Phosphorylation
• Glycolysis


  Series of reactions that breaks down sugar into pyruvate and generates energy
• T or F: Glycolysis requries O2

  False
• Function of Glycolysis

  T or F: it undertakes the partial oxidation of reduced compounds


  True
• Function of Glycolysis

  T or F: it consumes ATP

  True
• Function of Glycolysis

  T or F: Forms molecules that can be removed from the pathway for the synthesis of other compounds which the plant needs

  True
• Function of Glycolysis

  T or F: it produces ATP

  true
• Function of Glycolysis

  T or F: The end product can be oxidized in the mitochondrion for larger ATP yield

  True
• Aerobic respiration // Oxidative phosphorylation

  T or F: no oxygen =/= fermentation

  False
• End products of Krebs Cycle

  • 1 ATP
  • 3 NADH
  • 1 FADH
  • 2 CO2
• Function of Glycolysis

  T or F: produces 2 ATP, 3 NADH, and 2 pyruvate


  False
• Glycolysis

  T or F: is done inside the mitochondria

  False
• Kreb's cycle

  T or F: it is done inside the mitochondria

  True
• Kreb's cycle

  T or F: 2 pyruvate is consumed to make oxaloacetate, GTP, FADH2, 3 NADH, and 2 CO2

  True
• TCA cycle

  T or F: Aside from pyruvate molecules entering the mitochondrion, NADPH should exit the mitochondrion

  false
• TCA cycle

  T or F: Both malate-aspartate shuttle and glycerol phosphate shuttle transports NADH in the form of NADH into the mitochondrion

  False
• Shuttles transporting NADH to mitochondrion

  • malate-asparte shuttle
  • glycerol phosphate shuttle
• TCA cycle

  T or F: Both outer and inner mitochondrial membrane are permeable

  False
• TCA cycle

  T or F: transition reaction from the cytol to the mitochondrion is where the first release of oxygen occurs

  True
• TCA cycle

  T or F: pyruvate is oxidized into acetyl-coa

  true
• TCA cycle

  T or F: NAD+ is oxidized to NADH

  False
• TCA cycle

  T or F: Tricarboxylic acid cycle is also known as citric acid cycle

  true
• TCA cycle function

  T or F: complete oxidation of reduced sugars

  true
• TCA cycle function

  T or F: reduction of NAD+ and FAD to electron donors NADH and FADH2

  True
• TCA cycle function

  T or F: indirect synthesis of ATP

  False
• TCA cycle function

  T or F: Formation of carbon skeletons for the synthesis of certain amino acids

  true
• TCA cycle

  T or F: Increase in the efficiency of the Krebs cycle is due to the shortage of carbon molecules

  False
• TCA Cylce

  T or F: One of the differences in TCA Cycle between plants and animals is the the latter is able to directly produce ATP in TCA instead of GTP

  False
• Pyruvate


  End product of Glycolysis
• TCA Cylce

  T or F: PEPcase may replenish the OAA supply, keeping the cycle

  True
• TCA Cylce

  T or F: Malic enzyme decarboxylates malate to pyruvate and enables plant mitochondria to oxidize malate

  True
• Respiration

  T or F: the starting materials for plant respiration comes from the products of photosynthesis which are in the form of sucrose, fructans, lipids, organic acids, and proteins

  true
• Respiration

  T or F: glucose is the starting material for heterotrophic plant cells

  False
• Respiration

  T or F: the initial phase of glycolysis uses up 2 molecules of sucrose and when metabolized produces 4 molecules of triose phosphate

  False
• Respiration

  T or F: in the energy conserving phase of glycolysis TP is converted into pyruvate and NAD+ is reduced to NADH

  true
• Respiration

  T or F: NADH can no longer be reoxidized even during fermentation

  false