aiims

• Carolus Linnaeus


  Father of Modern Taxonomy, founder of Binomial System of Nomenclature
• Carolus Linnaeus lived


  1707-1778
• Binomial System of Nomenclature

  System of naming organisms using two words - genus and species
• Systematics


  Term coined by Carolus Linnaeus
• Class


  Taxonomic category coined by Carolus Linnaeus
• Systema Naturae


  Famous book written by Carolus Linnaeus
• Species Plantarum


  Famous book written by Carolus Linnaeus
• Sir Julian Huxley


  Scientist who introduced the term "New Systematics"
• Sir Julian Huxley introduced the term "New Systematics"


  1940
• Ernst Mayr


  Scientist who defined taxon and introduced the Biological Concept of Species
• Ernst Mayr introduced the Biological Concept of Species


  1964
• Ernst Mayr's lifespan


  1904-2004
• Ernst Mayr was born on 5 July 1904 in Kempten, Germany
• Ernst Mayr was one of the 100 greatest scientists of all time
• Ernst Mayr joined Harvard's Faculty of Arts and Sciences in 1953 and retired in 1975, assuming the title Alexander Agassiz Professor of Zoology Emeritus
• Throughout his nearly 80-year career, Ernst Mayr's research spanned ornithology, taxonomy, zoogeography, evolution, systematics, and the history and philosophy of biology
• Ernst Mayr almost single-handedly made the origin of species diversity the central question of evolutionary biology that it is today
• Ernst Mayr pioneered the currently accepted definition of a biological species
• Ernst Mayr was awarded the Balzan Prize in 1983, the International Prize for Biology in 1994, and the Crafoord Prize in 1999
• Ernst Mayr died at the age of 100 in the year 2004
• Binomial nomenclature


  System of providing a name with two components - the Generic name and the specific epithet
• Binomial nomenclature was given by Carolus Linnaeus and is being practised by biologists all over the world
• Generic name


  First word of the scientific name, starts with a capital letter
• Specific epithet


  Second word of the scientific name, starts with a small letter
• Author's name


  Appears after the specific epithet, written in an abbreviated form
• The author's name indicates the person who first described the species
• Naming living organisms is necessary to facilitate their study
• Nomenclature


  Process of assigning scientific names to organisms
• Nomenclature is based on agreed principles and criteria provided in the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN) for plants and the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) for animals
• The scientific names ensure that each organism has only one name and that such a name has not been used for any other known organism
• Taxa


  Convenient categories used to study organisms, can be at different levels like species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom
• Taxonomy is the scientific study of the classification of organisms
• Taxonomy


  • Includes characterisation, identification, classification and nomenclature of organisms
  • Based on external and internal structure, cell structure, development, and ecological information of organisms
• Systematics is the study of the evolutionary relationships between organisms
• Species


  Taxonomic category representing a group of individual organisms with fundamental similarities
• Genus


  Taxonomic category comprising a group of related species which have more characters in common compared to species of other genera
• Family


  Taxonomic category with a group of related genera with still more number of similarities as compared to genus and species, characterised on the basis of both vegetative and reproductive features
• Order


  Taxonomic category including related families which exhibit a few similar characters
• Class


  Taxonomic category including related orders
• Phylum/Division


  Taxonomic category including related classes, based on common features