8D Unicellular Organisms

• Unicellular organisms

  One celled organisms
• Life processes

  • Movement
  • Reproduction
  • Sensitivity
  • Growth
  • Respiration
  • Excretion
  • Nutrition
• Diffusion

  Particles spread and mix without anything moving them
• The 5 Kingdoms

  • Plants
  • Animals
  • Fungi
  • Prokaryotes
  • Protoctists
• There is no virus kingdom as they can't live without being inside a living cell and can't carry out life processes
• Unicellular organisms can only grow to a certain size. If the organism is too big, it cannot get enough of the substances it needs throughout the cell because diffusion is too slow
• Budding

  A type of asexual reproduction in which a daughter cell grows out of the parent cell
• Microscopic fungi

  • Yeast cells
• Fermentation

  Glucose → Carbon dioxide + Ethanol (alcohol)
• Pasteur found that the yeast cells still reproduced but stopped making ethanol

  Yeasts could use two forms of respiration - aerobic and anaerobic
• Anaerobic respiration

  Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water
• For yeast cells to grow and reproduce

  • They need resources such as moisture, sugar and warmth
  • Something that slows down or stops a process is called a limiting factor
• Lactic acid bacteria

  • Used to turn milk into yoghurt
  • Used to make the sour milk needed to make cheese
• Bacteria

  Prokaryotes, do not have nuclei, information needed to control a cell is found in a circular chromosome
• Photosynthesis

  Carbon dioxide + Water → Glucose + Oxygen
• Decomposers

  Microorganisms that break down dead organisms and animal wastes in a process called decay, allowing substances inside to be used again by other organisms
• Most of the substances in cells are organic compounds, including carbohydrates, proteins and fats
• Decomposers play a vital role in helping to recycle all the carbon in these organic compounds