Economy

• Population of England employed in agricultural jobs was what %?

  90%
• What fraction of harvests that were bad?

  1/4
• What did bad harvests cause?

  Civil unrest and price fluctuations
• Why was there a move from arable farming to sheep farming?

  more profit from sheep and less profit from arable farming
• What percentage of English exports was wool?

  90%
• How much did wool exports increase under H7?

  60%
• What percentage of Europe's wool came from England by 1509?

  1509 50% of European wool was exported from England
• What percentage of England did the wool industry employ?

  1.3%
• How did the wool produced change over H7 reign?

  Raw to finished
• Example of wealthy cloth town?

  Lewes
• Where did London mainly export to?

  Antwerp by Merchant Adventurers
• How many ships in H7 navy? Name one

  9 and The Regent
• What industries of England were weak compared to other countries?

  Mining and shipbuilding
• When and why did H7 put trade restrictions on France?

  1487 because of the adversity to the French over Brittany
• When and why did H7 remove trade restrictions on France?

  1492 because of Treaty of Etaples
• What restricted Henry trading in the Baltic and when did he accept this?

  The Hanseatic League in 1504
• Where in the med did Henry trade?

  Florence and Venice
• What treaty improved relations with Spain?

  Medina del Campo 1489
• When and what did the Navigation Acts do?

  1485 and 1489, Encouraged use of English ships for trade
• When and why did Henry put an embargo on the Netherlands?

  1493 because of Margaret's support for Warbeck
• What effects of Henry's embargo on Margaret have?

  He had to use Calais and Margaret retaliated with a trade ban
• When was the Intercursus Magnus?

  1496
• When was the Intercursus Malus?

  1506
• When did Intercursus Magnus return?

  1507
• What merchants exported wool from Yarmouth?

  Merchants of the Calais Staple
• Why did H7 encourage overseas trade?

  Customs revenue
• How did H7 encourage trade of finished cloth not wool?

  1489, Act that limited exports of English wool and illegal for foreigners to buy wool and make it into cloth on continent
• When did Columbus discover America?

  1492
• What did John Cabot (Genoa) discover with H7s backing and when?

  Newfoundland fishing grounds in 1497
• When and why did Sebastian Cabot (Genoa) set off with H7s backing and how far did he get?

  1508 to find NW passage to Asia, reached Hudson Bay
• Anti-enclosure law (limited as did not want to upset nobles)

  1489
• Did Henry VII support the voyage of Columbus?

  No
• Should Henry VII have supported the voyage of Columbus?

  No. It is believed even if he had - Columbus would have landed in America anyway due to the positioning of GB
• Was Sebastian Cabot successful in English exploration?


  No. He left 1508 and did not find the north-west passage to Asia as he hoped. The success of his father was lost as the Spanish and Portuguese took over from the fishing grounds he had founded.
• Where was tin mainly mined during the reign of Henry VII?

  Cornwall
• Where was lead mainly mined during the reign of Henry VII?

  Upland areas.
• How did the metal industry develop across the reign of Henry VII?

  Coal was shipped to London from the north and new pumping technology allowed for greater production rates.
• Who were the main competitors to England for the metal industries?

  Germany and Bohemia. They had better metallurgy (extraction and refining of metals) and the Spanish and Portuguese were superior in ship building. England remained unable to compete with these countries.
• How did the booming cloth trade affect England?

  Some towns became rich such as Lavenham and Suffolk. Other towns like Winchester suffered from business centres moving away to smaller market towns.
• What was Henry VII's attitude to trade like?

  Inconsistent. He wanted revenue from it but was happy to sacrifice trade in order to benefit security EG embargo 1493 with Burgundy.