ww1 ✩

• the eastern front was between russia and germany
• the war was fought on the western front, eastern front, southern front and northern front
• the southern front was between italy and austria-hungary
• the western front was between france, belgium and britain against germany
• the southern front was between italy and the central powers (austria hungary)
• the northern front was between britain, canada, australia, new zealand and south africa against turkey
• the middle east was between ottoman empire and allies
• in the east, russia had to fight on two fronts - one with germany and another with japan
• in august 1914, britain declared war against germany because they had invaded belgium to get around france
• britain wanted to protect their empire from germanys growing power
• japan wanted control over china's resources
• the balkans were between serbia and bulgaria
• who did Germany form an alliance with?

  Austria-Hungary and Italy
• who were the Germans worried about?


  the French (who the Germans had defeated in 1871)
• what happened in 1905?


  General Schlleffen, one of German's top military advisers, prepared a plan to attack France through Belgium in case a war began
• july 5 1914


  Austria-Hungary asks Germany if they would support them in a war against Serbia. Germany gives assurances that they will support them.
• june 28 1914


  Franz Ferdinand is assassinated in Sarajevo by Serbians
• july 24 1914


  the Germans write to the Austro-Hungarians and say they will support them no matter what (this is often known as the 'blank cheque').
• july 23 1914


  Austria-Hungary issues an ultimatum to the Serbians demanding the removal of the government. the Serbians refuse
• july 28 1914


  Austria-Hungary declares war
• july 31 1914


  Russia mobilises for war in support of Serbia
• august 1 


  Germany declares war on Russia
• august 3 1914


  initiating the Schlleffen plan, the Germans take the opportunity to declare war on the French who were allied with Russia
• august 4 1914


  Germany invades Belgium to get to France. Britain declares war on Germany.
• germany surrendered on november 11 1918 at 11 o'clock
• 17 million dead, 20 million wounded
• armistice

  the ceasefire that ended hostilities between the Allies and Germany on 11 November 1918. The Armistice did not end the First World War itself, but it was the agreement which stopped the fighting on the Western Front while the terms of the permanent peace were discussed.
• how did ww1 originally start?

  austria-hungary (alongside with germany) declaring war upon syria
• where did war take place?


  sea, land, mountains, air and trenches
• 1.5 million Indians
• 2 million Africans
• 400 thousand African Americans
• 100 thousand Chinese labourers
• The Ottoman Empire (which consisted of Australian, Indian, and West Indies Empires) occupied the Middle East - many Arabs were against this and wanted to be free
• The Austrian Empire was alongside the German armies and fought against the Russian armies - Eastern Front
• Italian Front


  Italian and British troops fought against the Austrian environment in very harsh conditions (in the mountains)
• how did trench warfare work?


  Trench warfare in World War 1 involved soldiers digging elaborate networks of trenches. Soldiers would occupy these trenches, facing the enemy across a "no man's land" often filled with barbed wire and other obstacles. Combat involved periodic offensives where soldiers would attempt to break through enemy lines, usually resulting in heavy casualties. Conditions in the trenches were grim, with constant exposure to mud, water, and disease. Artillery bombardments, machine gun fire, and occasional gas attacks added to the danger and horror of trench life.
• outline the reasons why war broke out in 1914

  1. assassination of archduke franz ferdinand
  2. alliances
  3. military weapons
  4. economic rivalries
  5. misjudgement and miscalculation
• Treaty of Sèvres, (August 10, 1920), post-World War I pact between the victorious Allied powers and representatives of the government of Ottoman Turkey. The treaty abolished the Ottoman Empire and obliged Turkey to renounce all rights over Arab Asia and North Africa.
• Togoland


  The Togoland campaign (6–26 August 1914) was a French and British invasion of the German colony of Togoland in West Africa, which began the West African campaign of the First World War.