L1 - Cell Structure

• Cells are the smallest unit of life that can perform all the functions necessary for life.
• Eukaryotic cells - Contains their genetic material (DNA) in a nucleus, examples are plant and animal cells

  Prokaryotic cells - These are smaller than eukaryotes and the genetic material (DNA) is a single loop (or more), examples are bacteria cells
• Small structures found in cells are called organelles or sub-cellular structures
• Cell Structure

  A) nucleus

  B) cytoplasm

  C) cell membrane

  D) ribosomes

  E) mitochondria

  F) vacuole

  G) cell wall

  H) chloroplasts

  I) DNA

  
• Organelles in Both Plant & Animal Cells

  Nucleus - Contains genetic material, which controls the activities of the cell

  Cytoplasm - Most chemical processes take place here

  Cell membrane - Controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell

  Mitochondria - Most energy is released by respiration here

  Ribosomes - Protein synthesis happens here
• Organelles Found Only in Plant Cells

  Cell wall - Strengthens the cell – made of cellulose

  Permanent vacuole - Filled with cell sap to help keep the cell turgid

  Chloroplasts - Contain chlorophyll, absorbs light energy for photosynthesis
• Organelles Found Only in Bacteria Cells

  Bacterial DNA - Loop of DNA (roaming freely in the cytoplasm)

  Plasmid DNA - Small ring of DNA

  Flagella - A tail used for movement
• Unicellular - Made up from one cell, e.g. bacteria

  Multicellular - Made up from multiple cells, e.g.. Humans