Religion

• Where did people belong

  to the catholic church and were under jurisdiction of the Pope in Rome
• How many parish churches were there?

  over 8000
• What did the church provide

  focus of popular entertainment.

  festivals provided needed enjoyment

  guild and confraternities offered charity , good fellowship and a chance for ordinary people to contribute to the good of their local community.

  employment opportunities

  opportunity for a few to advance themselves through the attainment of high office in Church and State (E.G Cardinal Wolsey)
• what did the church make easier

  social and political elites to maintain social control through its encouragement of good behaviour, obedience and stress on the values of community .
• who had the highest position in the church

  the Pope in Rome
• what was the relationship between the church and state

  erastian
• Erastian


  The view that the State should have authority over the Church
• what was the church of england administered through

  2 provinces, Cantebury and York, which was under the jurisdiction of an archbishop and 17 dioceses, each under the control of a bishop.
• Dioceses


  local areas of the Church led by bishops
• which 2 churchmen exercised the most power under henry vii

  John Morton and Richard Fox
• who were senior clergymen

  highly competent and conscientious professionals , often with legal training , who performed their duties to both the church and state effectively.
• who were the abbots

  heads of the wealthiest religious houses, shared membership of the house of lord with bishops.

  also possessed management and administrative skills to keep their complex organisations running effectively, as well as demonstrating the spirituality necessary to maintain the reputation of their houses.
• to reach heaven, what would you need?

  the 7 sacraments
• what were the 7 sacraments

  Baptism; Confirmation; Marriage,: Anointing of the sick; Penance; Holy Orders; Eucharist
• Transubstantiation


  Christian belief that the substance of bread and wine completely changed into the substance of Christ's body and blood by validly ordained priest during the consecration at mass.
• what happened during the mass

  priest would perform the sacrament of the holy communion, also known as the eucharist.

  priest consecrated the bread and the wine.

  catholics believed transubstantiation happened now

  priest consumed bread and wine , lay members of congregation only took bread.
• Why was Mass important?

  -It was a sacrifice performed by the priest on behalf of the community.

  -It was a sacred ritual in which the whole community participated.
• Why would the dying leave money to the parish church?

  enhance the beauty of worship

  ensure the remembrance of the benefactor

  reduce the time the benefactor would spend in purgatory.
• where would the money go?

  foundation of chantries. usually chantries were financed from property bequeathed in someone's will for that purpose.
• how else could someone gain relief from purgatory

  going on a pilgrimage
• Pilgrimage


  a journey to a place of religious devotion
• example of someone who took an approach to the practise in the writing of mystics

  Lady Margaret Beaufort, whose piety was reflected through her widespread donations, especially to Cambridge university
• how many adult males were monks

  around 1% by c1500. they lived under the rule of monasteries.
• different religious orders


  monastic orders

  friars

  nunneries
• who found lollardy


  John Wycliffe
• what did lollards do

  place stress on the bible and sceptical on the transubstantiation and the principles of the eucharist, and considered the catholic church to be corrupt. also denied the idea of special status of the priesthood.
• what developments were there in education

  educational opportunities such as song schools and reading schools for the very young

  grammar schools were introduced

  uni of oxford and cambridge expanded and henry set up kings college, cambridge
• what was the development and impact of humanism?

  founded on the rediscovery of original latin and greek texts

  stressed the power and potential of humankind

  humanists believed human behaviour and knowledge could be enhanced by education

  believed church should promote prayer and knowledge the faith

  thought sciences and humanities should be studied as well as religion

  henry had little enthusiasm for humanist writers and it had little impact on his reign
• what was art like under henry 7

  henry was known for his patronage of architecture

  oversaw major building works at windsor castle , he built the nave in st george's chapel and rebuilt the lady chapel

  in 1502, he ordered and paid for the construction of the new lady chapel at Westminster abbey.
• what was the role of the church in arts and learning


  massive amount of building and rebuilding of parish churches and a majority was built in the gothic perpendicular style

  most of the artwork at this time was based on religion.