Pcol

• Hyperlipidemia


  Presence of lipids in the blood, unhealthy levels of one or more kinds of lipid in the blood
• Hypercholesterolemia


  Too much non-HDL cholesterol and too much LDL in the blood
• These conditions increase fatty deposits in arteries and the risk of blockages
• Cholesterol

  Helps digest food and make hormones, created by the liver
• Too much cholesterol (200 to 239 mg/dL is borderline high and 240 mg/dL is high)
• Too much cholesterol is not healthy because it can create roadblocks in your artery highways where blood travels around the body, damaging organs
• LDL (bad cholesterol)


  Takes cholesterol directly to your arteries, can result in atherosclerosis
• HDL (good cholesterol)


  Carries cholesterol to the liver where it can be removed from your bloodstream before it builds up in the arteries
• Complications of atherosclerosis


  • Acute Myocardial Infarction
  • Cerebrovascular Ischemic Stroke
  • Peripheral Vascular Disease
• Some lipid lowering agents also lower triglyceride levels and others may raise high density lipoprotein, cholesterol levels which are believed to be protective against atherosclerosis
• 4 general types of lipid lowering agents

  • Bile Acid Resins or Sequestrants
  • Fibrates
  • Statins
  • Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor
• Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor


  • Ezetimibe
  • Lomitapide
• Others


  • Vit B3 (nicotinic Acid)
• Triglycerides make up the third component of cholesterol and act as unused calories that are stored as fat in the blood
• Eating more calories than you burn, can cause triglycerides to build-up in the bloodstream increasing your risk for heart attack
• Triglycerides


  FAT, not cholesterol which is a waxy odorless substance made by the liver
• Lipoprotein


  Packages cholesterol with triglycerides and proteins to transport fatty mixture throughout the body
• Types of lipoproteins

  • Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)
  • High density lipoproteins (HDL)
• Lipids must be transported in association with proteins in the circulation
• Lipoproteins play a key role in the absorption and transport of dietary lipids by the small intestine, in the transport of lipids from the liver to peripheral tissues and vice versa
• Lipoproteins also transport toxic foreign hydrophobic and amphipathic compounds such as bacterial endotoxin from areas of invasion and infection
• Hyperlipidemia


  Presence of lipids in the blood, unhealthy levels of one or more kinds of lipid in the blood
• Bile Acid Resins or Sequestrants


  Highly positively charged molecules that bind to the negatively charged bile acids in the intestine, inhibiting their lipid solubilizing activity and thus blocking cholesterol absorption
• Hypercholesterolemia


  Too much non-HDL cholesterol and too much LDL in the blood
• These conditions increase fatty deposits in arteries and the risk of blockages
• Therapeutic action of bile acid resins

  Exert their effect in the intestines by binding into bile acids which contain a high level of cholesterol, the resultant insoluble complex is then excreted through feces, causing more LDL to be absorbed by the intrahepatic circulation to make more bile acids
• Pharmacokinetics of bile acid resins

  Not absorbed systemically and is excreted in the feces
• Cholesterol


  Helps digest food and make hormones, created by the liver
• Too much cholesterol (200 to 239 mg/dL is borderline high and 240 mg/dL is high)
• Too much cholesterol is not healthy because it can create roadblocks in your artery highways where blood travels around the body, damaging organs
• LDL (bad cholesterol)

  Takes cholesterol directly to your arteries, can result in atherosclerosis
• HDL (good cholesterol)


  Carries cholesterol to the liver where it can be removed from your bloodstream before it builds up in the arteries
• Complications of atherosclerosis


  • Acute Myocardial Infarction
  • Cerebrovascular Ischemic Stroke
  • Peripheral Vascular Disease
• Some lipid lowering agents also lower triglyceride levels and others may raise high density lipoprotein, cholesterol levels which are believed to be protective against atherosclerosis
• 4 general types of antilipemic drugs

  • Bile Acid Resins or Sequestrants
  • Fibrates
  • Statins
  • Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor
• Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor


  • Ezetimibe
  • Lomitapide
• Others


  • Vit B3 (nicotinic Acid)
• Triglycerides make up the third component of cholesterol and act as unused calories that are stored as fat in the blood
• Eating more calories than you burn, can cause triglycerides to build-up in the bloodstream increasing your risk for heart attack
• Triglycerides


  FAT, not cholesterol which is a waxy odorless substance made by the liver