Urbanisation-geography

• Urban means like city
• Rural means countryside
• Factors that can pull people to urban areas is

  more reliable sources of food

  better paid jobs

  chance of service

  religious and political activities can be carried out more safely
• Factors that can push people away from urban areas is

  lack of services

  overpopulated- high birth rate

  lack of employment opportunities

  starvation due to crop failure
• Distribution in these questions its mainly asking you how something is spread out among a group or spread over an area

  “ describe the distribution of the percentage of people living in urban areas” mainly this is asking us why are people moving to urban areas

  they give you a map so identify LIC AND HIC countries and compare. USE PEA PATTERN EXAMPLE AND ANOMALY
• urban changes in bristol- in 1871 bristol is polluted due to the industrial revolution its less modern there are a lot of boats and docks to transport shipping and resources which led to the grow to of the economy
• However in 2009 bristol harbour seems more ethnically diverse and sustainable being less polluted. there are more transport Options to allow others to go work quickly
• 51.4% have no religion
• 81.2% are born in the uk which means bristol does not have that much diversity
• 42.1% have the highest level of qualification
• 64.8% are economically active
• Economic means it relates to the economy and social relates to people
• Favela means slum
• Challenges living in a favela can be

  poor medical treatment and education

  dirty bad environment

  essential infrastructure is not available

  due to there being bad education there are chances of a high brith rate as young girls can be married and forced into child labour
• To improve quality of life

  local authorities provide local residents with the materials needed to construct permanent accommodation
• money can be saved and spent on providing basic amenities such as electricity and water
• There is a estimate of 1000 favelas in rio home to 1.5 million people and only 25% of children attend school
• Almost all houses in Rochina are made of concrete and brick almost all Houses have sanitation
• Rochina has a better developed infrastructure and hundreds of businesses and brands
• In favles people build unstable houses on steep slopes and there are no proper toilets or water
• In urban areas in brazil the government can’t afford to build houses that are affordable for the poor
• Solution to favelas is sites and services people can buy or rent a piece of land and infrastructure
• Regeneration means re developing former industrial areas of housing to improve them
• dereliction means in a very poor condition as a result of disuse and neglect or abandonment
• deprivation means lack of material considered to be basic necessities in a society
• Brownfield sites relates to urban sites that have been built in before
• Natural increase is the difference of the birth rate and death rate
• Infrastructure is the basic physical and organisational structure needed for society to function
• Traffic congestion is lots of vehicles on the road causing slow movement
• Quality of life the overall wellbeing and satisfaction that individuals experience
• Water pollution is harmful substances like chemicals and pollutants in bodies of water
• Urbanisation around the world is increasing because of population growth like immigrants migrating to cities in search of better opportunities and resources and cities offer better healthcare and education then attracts people from rural areas businesses and industries tend to concentrate in cities
• Sites and scheme services have been introduced to improve the quality of life in Rio sites and scheme services are when people can rent or buy a piece of land and essential infrastructure. This is designed to improve the environment of the quality of favelas
• The problem with site is scheme services is just that it’s very expensive and the location of the schemes are often too far so people are not be bothered to move there and it also cost a lot of more money for like travelling and a lot of low income families are not chosen for this game because they have a low

  regular income
• Opportunities in Bristol is that population becomes more ethnically divers improve transport connections have made them more accessible and now more people in Bristol under 16 then of age changes in Bristol employment structure may work in high-tech companies