IS_W8

• Databases used to find information


  • Databases used to store information
• Experience using spreadsheets
• Reasons for using word processing software
• Operational database


  Used to collect, modify, and maintain data on a daily basis
• Analytical database


  Used to collect data that will be used for spotting trends that offer insights for tactical and strategic business decisions
• Tasks performed by operational databases

  • Collect and store data
  • View data
  • Find data
  • Update data
  • Organize data
  • Distribute data
  • Move or remove data
• Analytical databases


  • Find relationships and patterns using data mining
  • Make predictions using predictive analytics
  • Examine multiple factors using OLAP
• Unstructured file


  Every document has a unique structure and contains different kinds of data
• Structured file


  Uses a uniform format to store data for each person or thing in the file
• Database model


  The underlying structure of a database
• Flat file


  A simple database model consisting of a single, two-dimensional table of data elements
• Field


  The smallest unit of meaningful information, the basic building block for a structured file or database
• Variable-length field


  Expands to fit the data you enter

  
• Record


  A collection of data fields

  
• Record type


  The template for a record
• Relationship


  An association between data that's stored in different record types
• Cardinality


  The number of associations that can exist between two record types
• Entity-relationship diagram (ERD)


  A graphical depiction of the relationship between record types

  
• Hierarchical database


  Allows one-to-one and one-to-many relationships that are linked in a hierarchical structure

  
• Graph database


  Offers an alternative way to track relationships, with a structure resembling sociograms with their interlinked nodes

  
• Relational database


  Stores data in a collection of related tables
• Multidimensional database


  Organizes relationships over three or more dimensions

  
• Dimension


  A layer based on a data element, such as a product, place, or customer, that can be used to categorize data
• Graph database


  Alternative way to track relationships, its structure resembles sociograms with their interlinked nodes

  
• Relational database


  Stores data in a collection of related tables, each table is a sequence of records, similar to a flat file
• Multidimensional database


  Organizes relationships over three or more dimensions, in the context of databases, a dimension is a layer based on a data element, such as a product, place, or customer, that can be used to categorize data

  
• Object database


  Stores data as objects, which can be grouped into classes and defined by attributes and methods, excel at representing objects that have slightly different attributes
• Document-oriented database


  Stores unstructured data, such as the text of a speech, XML is a popular tool used to format document databases
• A graph database offers an alternative way to track relationships
• A relational database stores data in a collection of related tables
• A multidimensional database organizes relationships over three or more dimensions

  
• An object database stores data as objects, which can be grouped into classes and defined by attributes and methods
• A document-oriented database stores unstructured data, such as the text of a speech
• XML is a popular tool used to format document databases
• Relationship


  In database jargon, an association between data that's stored in different record types

  
• All the records in a table are of the same record type
• Database tools range from enterprise-wide, multi-module information system suites to handy features tucked away in application software and social media apps
• Data dependence


  Data and program modules being so tightly interrelated that they become difficult to modify
• Data independence


  Separating data from the programs that manipulate data
• Database tools


  • Dedicated software
  • Word processing software
  • Spreadsheet software
  • Database software