Science 7 - Parts of the Globe to Eclipses

• A globe is the true model of the earth.
• The globe is tilted at 23.5 degrees on its axis.
• Equator - passes through the center of the Earth with a latitude of 0 degrees. It divides the Earth into 2 Hemispheres, the Northern and Southern.
• Prime Meridian - Perpendicular to the Equator, parallel to the axis. It has a longitude of 0 degrees and divides the world into 2 hemispheres, the Eastern and the Western.
• Latitude (Parallels)- run from East to west. Starts at 0 degrees of the Equator to 90 degrees at the North and South poles.
• The closer the latitude is to the Equator, the warmer the climate. The closer the latitude is to the poles, the colder the climate.
• Resources - things that we can find in our environment that we use to meet our needs.
• Renewable resources – those that can be replaced easily or have the potential to be replaced over time.

  Nonrenewable resources – those that are in limited supply or once consumed, cannot be replaced easily
• The Philippines is located at 14° 34' 59.99" N latitude and 121° 00' 0.00" E longitude.
• Seasons


  Divisions of the year marked by changes in weather and the amount of daylight
• We have seasons because Earth's axis is tilted as it revolves around the sun
• Seasons

  • Summer
  • Winter
  • Spring
  • Autumn
• Summer

  The hottest of the four temperate seasons
• Winter

  The coldest season of the year
• Spring

  The time when trees bloom
• Autumn


  Often called fall because leaves fall from the trees at this time
• We have seasons because Earth's axis is tilted and the Earth revolves around the sun
• There are times that the North Pole points to the Sun and there are times that it is pointing away
• In June


  It is summer in the Northern Hemisphere and winter in the Southern Hemisphere
• In December


  It is winter in the Northern Hemisphere and summer in the Southern Hemisphere
• In March


  It is spring in the Northern Hemisphere and autumn in the Southern Hemisphere
• In September


  It is spring in the Southern Hemisphere and autumn in the Northern Hemisphere.
• Atmosphere


  Body of Air or Gases that surround the world, protecting it and enabling life
• Atmosphere


  • Temperature behavior is used to distinguish atmospheric layers
  • Composition of air: Nitrogen (78%), Oxygen (21%), Argon (0.93%), and Carbon Dioxide (0.04%)
• Troposphere


  Layer from 0-12km
• Troposphere


  • Heated through energy transfer from the surface
  • Conventional aviation activity takes place
  • Only layer that can be accessed by propeller-driven aircraft
  • Contains 80% of the mass of the Earth's atmosphere, making it denser than all of its overlying layers
• Stratosphere


  Layer from 12-50km
• Stratosphere


  • Atmospheric pressure is 1/1000 the pressure at sea level
  • The highest layer that can be accessed by jet-powered aircraft and weather balloons
  • No clouds and no forms of weather
• Mesosphere


  Layer from 50-80km
• Mesosphere


  • Most meteors burn up in this layer
  • Lightning-induced discharges occasionally known form
  • Air too thin to breathe
  • Mainly accessed by sounding rockets and rocket-powered aircraft
• Thermosphere


  Layer from 80-600km
• Thermosphere


  • Known as the upper atmosphere
  • The International Space Station orbits this layer
  • Aurora Borealis and Aurora Australis are occasionally seen
• Exosphere


  Layer from 600-10,000km
• Exosphere


  • Merges into the solar wind
  • Composed of extremely low densities of hydrogen, helium and several heavier molecules including nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide
• Ozone Layer


  • Contained within the stratosphere
  • About 90% of the ozone in Earth's atmosphere is contained in the stratosphere
• Ionosphere

  • It has practical importance because it influences radio propagation on Earth
• Breeze - A light gentle wind caused by differences in air temperature.
• When an area is of low pressure, the wind blows from high-pressure areas to equalize the pressure.
• Sea Breeze - Occurs during the day when the land is warmer and has low pressure while the sea is cool and has high pressure.
• Land Breeze - Occurs when the air over the land is cooler and has a higher pressure than the sea.