b2- organisation

Created by

maddie

Cards (75)

what are cells? 
the basic building blocks of all living organisms
what are tissues? 
a group of cells with a similar structure and function
what are organs? 
a cluster of tissues working together performing specific functions
how are organs organised? 
in organ systems like digestive system and the circulatory system
what is an organism?
a living thing
what is the digestive system?
the organ system that is responsible for digesting food and absorbing nutrients from food
what is an enzyme?
A protein molecule that speeds up reactions in living organisms.
why do enzymes speed up specific reactions in the body?
they have a specifically shaped active site
what theory or model is used to describe enzyme actions?
the lock and key theory/model
what are digestive enzymes?
digestive enzymes convert food into small soluble molecules that can be absorbed into the bloodstream
what do carbohydrase enzymes break down?
carbohydrates into simple sugars
where is amylase produced in the body?
in the saliva and small intestines
what does amylase break down?
starch into simple sugars
what do protease enzymes break down?
proteins into amino acids
where is pepsin produced in the body?
in the stomach
where is trypsin produced in the body?
in the small intestines
what do lipase enzymes break down?
lipids (fats and oils) into glycerol and fatty acids
where are lipase enzymes produced in the body?
in the small intestines
what are the products of digestion used for?
to build new carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. some glucose is used in respiration
where is bile made and stored in the body?
made in the liver and stored in the gall bladder
what is bile used for?
to neutralise stomach acid and emulsify fat molecules
how do you test a food sample for sugar?
add benedict's solution and warm the sample. if the sugar is present it will turn brown, red, orange, yellow or green depending on how much glucose is present
how do you test a food sample for starch?
add iodine solution. if starch is present will turn blue/black
how do you test for protein?
add biuret solution. if protein is present it will turn purple
how do you test a sample for lipids?
add drops of sudan III stain and shake. if lipids present it will stain red
what is the optimum temperature for enzyme reaction?
37 degrees
what is the optimum PH for enzyme action?
it depends on the enzyme e.g the optimum PH for amylse to work is PH&
what can happen to an enzyme at a high temperature or a PH that is too high/low?
enzyme will denaturation
why does a denatured enzyme stop working?
the shape of the active site is irreversibly changes, meaning the substrate can no longer bind. no enzyme-substrate complex if formed
what is the function of the heart?
to pump blood around the body in a double circulatory system
where does the right ventricle pump blood tp?
to the lungs where it can collect oxgen
where does the left ventricle pump blood to?
to the rest of the body
what are the four major blood vessels found specifically in the heart?
vena cava, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein and aorta
what are the three main structures in the lungs?
trachea, bronchi and alevoli
what is a pacemaker? 
a group of cells in the right atrium of the heart that control nautral resting heart rate
what are the three types of blood vessel found in the body?
Arteries, veins, capillaries
how does the structure of veins relate to it's function?
carries deoxgentated blood at low pressure back to the heart so contains valves to prevent the backflow of blood
how does the structure of an artery relate to it's function?
carries oxygenated blood at high pressure away from the heart, so they have thick musclar and elastic walls to pump and accommodate the blood
how does the structre of capillaries relate to their function?
the walls of capillaries are just cell thick meaning mocelcues can diffuse through them very quickly
what are the four components of blood?
Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma.