LESSON 6

• Winds

  generate surface currents
• Shoreline

  line that marks the contact between land and sea.
• Shore

   land along the edge of a body of water
• Coast

  larger geographical region that includes the shore as well as the adjacent land area
• Beach

  ccumulation of sediment found along the landward margin of a water body
• White sand

  due to skeletons or shells of foraminiferas (single- celled marine organisms), corals and other organisms
• Black sand

  result of eroded volcanic materials such as basalts (dark- colored volcanic rocks)
• Pink sand

  originally white- colored sand beach turned pinkish ever since washed-up red colored corals spread all over the shore
• Boulder beach

   huge andesite boulders were produced by Mt. lraya volcano, and these boulders were broken

  down, polished and rounded by strong waves in Batanes
• Shoreline

  specific interface or line where land and water meet
• Coastline

  Much broader boundary between land and water
• Wave-cut cliff

  geological feature formed by the erosion of waves against a coastline, also known as cliff
• Notch

   narrow indentation or cutout in the coastline
• Berm

   nearly horizontal or gently sloping strip of land or sand found along the backshore of a beach.
• Foreshore

  part of the shore exposed at low tide and submerged at high tide
• Nearshore

  area of the ocean where the water is shallow enough to be affected by wave action
• Offshore

  water is deeper and further from the shore
• Swash

  the movement of water rushing up the beach after a wave breaks, carrying sediment and debris landward
• Beach drift

  uprush of water from each breaking wave (the swash) is at an oblique angle to the shoreline.
• Longshore Current

  Waves that approach the shore at an angle also produce currents °within the surf zone that flow parallel to the shore and move substantially more sediment than beach drift.
• Rip Currents

  are concentrated movements of water that flow opposite the direction of breaking waves.
• Rip Currents

  These currents do not travel far beyond the surf zone before breaking up and can be recognized by the way they interfere with incoming waves
• Wave-cut platform

   a gently sloping, flat, or slightly inclined surface of rock that extends from the base of a wave-cut cliff out into the sea
• Marine terraces

   relatively flat or gently sloping landforms that parallel the coastline and are typically found above present-day sea level
• Sea arch

  is a natural rock arch formed by the erosive action of waves on coastal rock formations
• Sea stack

  a vertical column or pillar of rock that stands isolated from the coastline, often adjacent to. cliffs or headlands
• Spit

   elongated ridge of sand that projects from the land into the mouth of an adjacent bay
• Baymouth bar

  sandbar that completely crosses a bay, sealing it off from the open ocean.
• Tombolo

   ridge of sand that connects an island to the mainland or to another island, forms in much the same manner as a spit
• Hurricane

  North Atlantic Ocean and Northeastern Pacific Ocean
• Cyclone

  South Pacific and _ Indian Ocean
• Typhoon

  Northwestern Pacific Ocean
• Storm Surge

  he most devastating damage in the coastal zone is caused by storm surge.
• Hard Stabilization

  Structures built to protect a coast from erosion or to prevent the movement of sand along a beach are collectively known as hard stabilization.
• Jetties

   also used for docking boats or ships.
• Groins

  To maintain or widen beaches that are losing sand, groins are sometimes constructed
• Breakwaters

  Hard stabilization can be buil parallel to the shoreline.
• Marina

  specifically designed harbor with facilities for mooring boats and yachts
• Dredge

  the action of using such a tool or machine to remove material from the bottom of a body of water.
• Seawall

   designed to armor the coast and defend property from the force of breaking waves.