CHEMISTRY - Matter

• Chemistry - is the study of matter. In this branch of science, the properties, composition, structure, and transformations of matter are being studied in great detail. Because of this nature, the application of chemistry across different fields of study is immense.
• Chemistry - is often regarded as “the central science” because the knowledge obtained in chemistry is of high importance to students in various disciplines, including biology, medicine, geology, physics, and ecology, to name a few.
• All matter has physical and chemical properties. If that property can be measured without changing the chemical composition of that matter, it is a physical property. The physical properties of matter can be further subdivided into extensive and intensive properties.
• Extensive properties are those that depend on the amount of matter being measured. The classic examples of these are the mass, volume, and number of moles. Decreasing the amount of matter being weighed will decrease the mass of that matter.
• intensive properties are independent of the amount of matter being considered. Examples of these are color, melting point, boiling point, and density. The density of water, regardless of whether you use 1 mL or 1 L of it, will be the same at a certain temperature. 
• chemical properties describe the characteristic ability of a substance to react to form new substances. Classic examples of chemical properties include flammability and susceptibility to corrosion.
• Pure substance is a form of matter with a definite composition and distinct properties.
• A pure substance can be further classified into two categories: elements and compounds.
• A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances using any chemical means is known as an element.
• With the successful synthesis of Oganesson (Og), there are 118 known elements to date. 
• mixture is a combination of two or more substances in which the substances retain their distinct identities.
• homogeneous mixture, the composition of the mixture is the same throughout. In other words, if you cannot recognize the individual components of a mixture, For example, dissolving a small amount of table salt in one glass of water results in a homogeneous mixture we usually call a solution.
• solution is composed of two components: the solute and the solvent.
• The component that exists in the greatest amount is the solvent
• solute are the component that exists in minor amount. A substance that is dissolved in a solution 
• If you can differentiate the components of a mixture, then it is a heterogeneous mixture. it can be further subdivided into suspension and colloids.
• Adding a scoopful of sand to a glass of water results in a mixture where you can distinguish sand from water (since water cannot dissolve sand). The sand-water mixture is a suspension.
• The component/s of the mixture that is/are being dispersed is the dispersed phase
•  the component where it is being dispersed is the continuous phase/dispersion medium. 
• When a beam of light is passed through a colloid, the dispersed phase scatters it. This phenomenon is known as the Tyndall effect.
• “hydrocolloid,” a colloidal system wherein water acts as the dispersion medium.
• aqueous solution means that water exists in the greatest proportion in the solution and hence, acts as a solvent.