bio q4

• root - is an organ that anchors a vascular plant in the soil, absorbs minerals and water, and stores food.
• fibrous root - systems consisting of a mat of thin roots that spread out below the soil surface.
• taproot system - consisting of one large vertical root (the taproot) that produces many small lateral, or branch, roots.
• Root hairs - are extensions of individual epidermal cells on the root surface.
• adventitious roots - arise aboveground from stems or even from leaves.
• axillary bud - the precursor of a branch or lateral shoot is formed at the junction between a leaf and the stem.
• apical bud - the type of bud located at the top (apex) of the plant, particularly at the very tip of the main stem.
• Internodes - are the regions between two nodes.
• Nodes - are the link regions between a leaf and the stem.
• parenchyma - thin wall
• collenchyma - thicker and uneven
• sclerenchyma - thickest and lignin
• scleroids - short
• fibers - long
• ground tissue - storage
• vascular tissue - transport
• dermal tissue - protection
• xylem - transport water
• phloem - transport organic solute
• lignin - composition of sclerenchyma that serves the support for plants
• guard cell - for regulation
• Tracheids - are long, tapered cells of xylem that have end plates on the cells that contain a great many crossbars.
• Vessels - an improved form of tracheid, have no (or very few) obstructions

  (crossbars) on the top or bottom of the cell.
• root cap - protection of root tip and secretion of substance
• Prop roots – grows from and support the stem
• Fleshy roots – roots for food storage
• Aerial roots – roots above the surface
• Pneumatophore roots – grows out from the water
• Symbiotic roots – relationship between plants and fungus (benefiting each other)
• Parasitic roots – plants depend on plant partially/totally for their food material
• myccorhizae - a symbiotic association between plant roots and fungi. 
• Bulb – round, short stem and fleshy leaves
• stolon - horizontal stem above the ground
• Rhizome – horizontal underground stem
• Tuber – thickened end of a rhizome
• Corm – short, thickened underground stem
• Cladophyll – flattened; leaf-like photosynthetic stem
• Tendril – slender whiplike or threadlike strand
• Simple Leaves – single blade per petiole
• Compound Leaves – divided in smaller leaflets