GNED 15 LESSON 1

• Literature


  Any form of writing, such as essays
• Literature


  Whole body of literary work, often relating to a specific culture
• Why use Literature


  • Literature is authentic material
  • Literature encourages interaction and creativity
  • Literature expands language awareness
  • Literature provides an avenue for students to learn about their own cultural heritage and the cultures of other people
  • Literature educates the whole person
• Prose


  Literary medium characterized by greater irregularity and variety of rhythm and its close resemblance to the patterns of everyday speech
• Types of Prose


  • Fiction - telling of stories which are not based on facts
  • Non-fiction - telling of stories which are real or based on facts
• Types of Fiction Prose

  • Fable
  • Parable
  • Folktale
  • Legend
  • Myth
  • Fairy tale
  • Short story
  • Novel
• Fable


  • Features animals, plants and inanimate objects, or forces of nature which are given human qualities, and that illustrate a moral which at the end may be expressed explicitly as a maxim
• Parable


  • Illustrates a moral or religious lesson
  • Features human actors or agents
• Folktale


  • Body of expressive culture, including tales, oral history, popular beliefs
  • Transmitted through memory and rather than by printed page
• Legend


  • Fictitious narrative, usually about origin
  • Stories of some wonderful events passed down from generation to generation
• Myth


  • Sacred story usually concerning the origin of the world
  • Involves the supernatural and serves to explain the natural phenomena
  • Active beings are gods and heroes
• Fairy tale


  • A story that features folkloric characteristics such as fairies, goblins, elves, trolls, witches and giants, often involving far-fetched sequence of events
  • Usually has a happy ending
• Short story


  • Tends to be concise and less complex than novels
  • Usually focuses on only one incident, has a single plot, a single setting, a limited number of characters and covers a short period of time
• Novel


  • A long written, fictional, prose often having a complex plot
  • Usually divided into chapters
  • The HP series has 1,084,170 words; HP and the Order of the Phoenix itself has 257,045 words
• Types of Novels


  • Picaresque Novel
  • Epistolary Novel
  • Gothic Novel
  • Roman a clef
  • Historical Novel
  • Novel of Manners
  • Novellete
  • Novella
• Picaresque Novel


  • Relates the adventure of a lowborn adventurer who drifts from place to place in an effort to survive
• Epistolary Novel


  • A novel told through the medium of letters by one or more of the characters
• Gothic Novel


  • A pseudomedieval fiction having a prevailing atmosphere of mystery and terror
• Roman a clef


  • A "novel with a key", that is, whose characters and plot are related to real-life happenings
• Historical Novel


  • Story set amidst historical events, pioneered by Sir Walter Scott. Attempts to convey the spirit, manners, and social conditions of the past
• Novel of Manners


  • Work of fiction that recreates social worlds, conveying with finely detailed observation of customs, values and mores of a highly developed and complex society
• Novellete


  • Short prose fiction having a word count between 7,500 and 17, 500 words in length. Back in the day, the term referred to a story that was romantic or sentimental in character
• Novella


  • Has a word count between 17, 500 and 40, 000. First introduced in the early Renaissance. Sometimes called a long short story or a short novel
• Prose drama


  Literary work written in prose and intended for presentation by actors
• Non-fiction


  Telling of stories which are real or based on facts
• Types of Non-fiction


  • Essay
  • Biography
  • Autobiography
  • Diary/Journal
• Poetry


  Literary work written in verse
• Types of Poetry


  • Narrative Poetry
  • Lyric Poetry
  • Dramatic Poetry
• Narrative Poetry


  • Tells a story in richly imaginative and rhythmical language
• Types of Narrative Poetry

  • Epic
  • Ballad
  • Metrical Romance
  • Metrical Tale
  • Free Verse
  • Blank Verse
  • Idyll
• Epic


  • A long, narrative poem, divided into distinct parts and episodes containing details of heroic deeds and events
• Ballad


  • A short narrative poem intended to be sung. Told in a simple, serious story, usually had a tragic ending
• Metrical Romance


  • A long, rambling love story, chivalry and religion in verse. Most characteristic of the Middle Ages
• Metrical Tale


  • Short story in verse. Simple, straightforward and realistic manner
• Free Verse


  • Written without strict meter or rhyme
• Blank Verse


  • Has regular rhythm and line but no rhyme
• Idyll


  • Depicts simple pastoral or rural scenes and the life of a country folk. A poem that depicts rural life in a peaceful, idealized way for example of shepherds or country life
• Types of Lyric Poetry

  • Ode
  • Elegy
  • Song
  • Sonnet
  • Nursery Rhyme
  • Limerick
  • Couplet
  • Haiku
  • Simple Lyric
  • Riddles
• Ode


  • Most majestic type of lyric poetry. A long, lyric poem, serious and dignified in subject written to celebrate an event, person, being or power
• Elegy


  • A mournful or reflective poem composed as a lament for someone who has died