Chapter 6A

• Kingdom Fungi


  Filamentous With True Mycelium(multicellular),

  some unicellular, cell wall has glucans and chitins
• Eukaryotic

  with true nucleus and membrane-bound organelle
• Filamentous


  used for nutrient and absorption; trapping structures; penetration into host
• Chitin


  polymer of N-acetyl glucosamine (NAG)
• Chemoheterotrophic


  microbes that use organic chemical substances as sources of energy and organic compounds as the main source of carbon.
• Absorptive


  hyphae release enzymes that breakdown the substrate into simpler forms that the fungus absorbs
• Saprophytic


  feed on dead organic matter
• Characteristics of Fungi

  1. All are EUKARYOTIC
  2. Most are FILAMENTOUS
  3. Reproduce both sexually and asexually

  4. All are achlorophyllous
• Hypha


  tubular filament exhibiting apical growth
• Mycelium


  mass of hyphae
• Thallus


  body/soma of fungi
• Vegetative hyphae


  penetrate the media and absorb the food
• Aerial hyphae


  are directed above the surface of media
• Reproductive media


  Aerial hyphae that carry the different spores
• Mycelium


  a collection of hyphae
• Haustoria


  outgrowth of somatic hypha in parasitic fungi
• Rhizoids


  root like structure
• Stolon


  hypha that connects two rhizoids
• Ring

  formed by nematode-trapping fungi
• C source


  - preferably glucose or maltose
• N source


  organic and inorganic
• Temp requirement of Fungi

  most grow at 0-35 C
• Ph requirement


  pH 6
• Lichens


  association between fungi and algae/cyanobacteria
• Soredia


  common reproductive structures of Lichens
• Lichenometry

  determine the age of exposed rock surfaces based on the size of the lichen thalli
• Uses of Lichens

  1. Biodegradation
  2. Usnic Acid
  3. Aesthetic Appeal
• Mycorrhizae


  association between plant roots and fungi
• Methods of ASEXUAL

  1. Fragmentation
  2. Fission
  3. Budding
  4. Spore formation
• Fragmentation


  hyphae break up into their component cells that behave as spores
• Fission


  simple splitting of a cell into 2 daughter cells by constriction and formation of a CW
• Budding


  production of a small outgrowth from a parent cell
• Asexual spore formation


  most common method

  vary in color size, shape, number, arrangement of cells and manner by which spores are borne
• Anamorph


  asexual growth form
• Teleomorph


  sexual growth form
• Major types of asexual spores

  1. sporangiospore
  2. Conidiospore
  3. Blastospore
• Sporangiospore


  born with a sporangium
• Conidiospore


  exogenous; free or naked spores
• Blastospore


  budding spore
• Thallic


  develop by septation and fragmentation

  at tip of hypha (arthrospores) or intercalary

  (chlamydospores)