HEduc: Moral and legal foundation of client education

• Purpose - provide ethical, legal,moral foundations
• Purpose - describe the difference between ethical, moral, and legal concepts
• Major problem - ethical issues related to healthcare
• Right to know - _______ his/her medical diagnosis
• Make informed choices - about their health care options
• Ethical principle that pertains to human rights - are based on natural laws, which, in the absence of any other guidelines, are binding on human society. Inherent in these natural laws are, for example, the principles of respect for others, honesty, and respect for life.
• Ethical, Moral and Legal - are often used in synchrony and although interrelated, they are not synonymous
• Immanuel Kant - Although multiple perspectives on the rightness and wrongness of human acts exists, among the most commonly referenced are the writings of ________
• IMMANUEL KANT - Ethicist in the 18th-century, German philosopher) DEONTOLOGICAL APPROACH or DUTY-ORIENTED APPROACH
• Deontological approach/duty oriented approach - in this theory, the rightness and wrongness of an act depends on the intrinsic nature rather than upon the situation or its consequences.
• Deontological approach/duty-oriented approach - It is the ethical belief system that stresses the importance of doing one’s duty and following the rules.
• Kant - Thus, according to ____, respect for individual rights is the key, and one person should never be treated merely for the benefit or well-being of another person or group.
• JOHN STUART MILL - (19th-century English scholar and philosopher) proposed the TELEOLOGICAL APPROACH or UTILITARIANISM
• Teleological approach/Utilitarianism - an approach to ethical decision making that allows for the sacrifice of one or more individuals so that a group of people can benefit in some important way.
• John Stuart Mill - He believes that given the alternatives, choices should be made that result in the greatest good for the greatest number of people.
• Legal system and its laws - are based on ethical and moral principles that through experience and overtime, society has accepted as behavioral norms
• Ethics - Refers to the guiding principles of behavior.
• Ethics - came from the Greek word ETHOS which means MORAL DUTY
• Ethics - A standard to examine and understand moral life.
• Ethics - It studies how people make judgement in regard to right or wrong, making choices that are best for individual or society at a certain time and in particular situations and then evaluating such choices and outcomes
• Ethical - Refers to norms or standard of behavior accepted by the society to which a person belongs.
• Professional ethics - A branch of moral science concern with the obligations that a member of the profession owes to public.
• Code of Ethics for Filipino Nurses - example of professional ethics
• Section 3 of Republic Act No. 877 - known as the Philippine Nursing Law
• Section 6 of P.D. No. 223 - the amended Code of Ethics for Nurses recommended and endorsed by the Philippine Nurse Association was adopted to govern the practice of nursing in the Philippines.
• Health Care Ethics - is the division of ethics that relates to human health (Human values, morals, customs, personal beliefs, and faith)
• Human health - Human values, morals, customs, personal beliefs, and faith
• NURSES - whatever their religion, must be God- loving and God-fearing.
• God and people - nursing profession is a commitment both to ____________
• MORALS - are specific ways of behavior or of accomplishing ethical practices.
• MORALITY - derived from the Greek word MORALIS which refers to social consensus about moral conduct for human beings and society.
• Morality - Human decency, right or wrong, good or evil, proper or improper, cruel or benevolent acts are explained in terms of ________
• THE GOLDEN RULE - God said “do unto others what you would like others to do unto you”
• THE TWO-FOLD EFFECT - When nurses is faced with a situation which may have both good and bad effects
• When nurses is faced with a situation which may have both good and bad effects, the basis of action may be the following:

  • That the action is morally good.
  • That the good effect must be willed and the bad effect merely allowed.
  • That the good effect must not come from evil action but from the initial action itself directly.
  • That the good effect must be greater than the bad effect
• THE PRINCIPLE OF TOTALITY - The whole is greater than any of its parts.
• EPIKIA - “Exception to the general rule”.
• EPIKIA - It is reasonable presumption that the authority making the law will not wish to bind a person in some particular case, even though the case is covered by the letter of the law.
• ONE WHO ACTS THROUGH AN AGENT IS HIMSELF RESPONSIBLE - Example, a patient who wants an abortion and ask a nurse if she can do it. The nurse refuses but then recommends a doctor who is capable of performing an abortion. Then the nurse becomes liable to such a crime, for being an accomplice of the said doctor
• NO ONE IS OBLIGED TO BETRAY HIMSELF/HERSELF - In testifying before a court, no one can force any person to answer a question if such will incriminate him/her