Bioethics

• Sexuality


  Encompasses nearly every aspect of our being, from attitudes and values, to feelings and experiences. It is influenced by the individual, family, culture, religion/spirituality, laws, professions, institutions, science, and politics
• Aspects of sexuality


  • Sensuality
  • Intimacy
  • Sexual Identity
  • Sexual Health & Reproduction
  • Sexualization
  • Gender identity
  • Sexual orientation
• Sensuality


  Our level of awareness, acceptance, and enjoyment of our own and others' bodies
• Intimacy


  Our ability to express and have a need for closeness with another person
• Sexual Identity


  Our biological sex—the anatomical parts, hormones, and chromosomes we have at birth
• Sexual Health & Reproduction

  Our attitudes and behaviors toward our health and the consequences of sexual activity
• Sexualization


  Our use of power and influence to manipulate or control others with our sexuality
• Gender identity


  How we feel about and identify as our gender (masculine, feminine, gender non-conforming)
• Sexual orientation


  Who we are sexually attracted to (straight, lesbian, gay, bisexual, asexual, pansexual)
• Sexual meaning makes us realize the need for some measure of fulfillment that only the other can give
• One has to be free from self-centeredness by opening one to the other person
• A happiness that is sought for ourselves alone can never be found. For a happiness that is diminished by being shared is not big enough to make us happy
• Making someone happy
• Commitment

  Consists of care, concern, and responsibility. Safeguarding the other's value, responsibility to and for one another, and humanizing
• Human sex is dehumanizing if and when it destroys a person's honor, and becomes a degradation of the other
• Natural Law


  Human sexuality is sacred and a God-given Gift
• Kant


  Act as to treat human as always, an end, never as means
• Rawls


  Justice is fairness. Never take advantage of persons for own personal gains and satisfaction
• Fletcher


  Prostitution out of necessity and survival may be legitimate
• Marriage


  The intimate union and equal partnership of a man and a woman. It is both a natural institution and a sacred union because it is rooted in the divine plan of creation. The free consent of the spouses makes a marriage. Permanency, exclusivity, and faithfulness are essential to marriage because they foster and protect the two equal purposes of marriage. The mutual love of a married couple should always be open to new life. The family arises from marriage. Parents, children, and family members form what is called a domestic church or church of the home
• Fundamentals of Marriage


  • Love & commitment
  • Sexual Fidelity
  • Humility
  • Patience & forgiveness
  • Time
  • Honesty & Trust
  • Communication
  • Selflessness
• Sex outside marriage, Homosexuality, Contraception, Artificial Reproduction (ICI, IUI, In vitro fertilization, Surrogate Motherhood), Abortion, Rape
• Abortion


  Three out of ten of all pregnancies end in induced abortion. Nearly half of all abortions are unsafe, and almost all of these unsafe abortions take place in developing countries. Access to safe abortion protects women's and girls' health and human rights. Unsafe abortion can lead to immediate health risks – including death – as well as long-term complications, affecting women's physical and mental health and well-being throughout her life-course. It also has financial implications for women and communities. Unsafe abortion procedures may involve the insertion of an object or substance (root, twig, or catheter or traditional concoction) into the uterus; dilatation and curettage performed incorrectly by an unskilled provider; ingestion of harmful substances; and application of external force

  
• Rape


  Unlawful sexual activity, most often involving sexual intercourse, against the will of the victim through force or the threat of force or with an individual who is incapable of giving legal consent because of minor status, mental illness, mental deficiency, intoxication, unconsciousness, or deception. Rape was long considered to be caused by unbridled sexual desire, but it is now understood as a pathological assertion of power over a victim. By that definition, rape is "the penetration, no matter how slight, of the vagina or anus with any body part or object, or oral penetration by a sex organ of another person, without the consent of the victim."
• Statutory Rape


  The age at which an individual may give effective consent to sexual intercourse is commonly set in most countries at between 14 and 18 years (though it is as low as 12 years in some countries). Sexual intercourse with a person below the age of consent is termed statutory rape, and consent is no longer relevant. The term statutory rape specifically refers to the legal proscription against having sexual intercourse with a child or any other person presumed to lack comprehension of the physical and other consequences of the act. The term statutory rape may also refer to any kind of sexual assault committed against a person above the age of consent by an individual in a position of authority (e.g., employers, teachers, clergy, doctors, and parents).
• Death and dying


  Any organism that is said to breathe and feel with its senses is said to be alive. Plants, animals, organisms, and humans are endowed with this concept of life. Life is not permanent and anything which is alive will decay and die someday.
• Everything which takes birth has to die one day
• Purpose of living


  Differs from individual to individual. Personal responses, thought processes, goals, ambitions, achievements, ethics and moral values all play a role.
• The purpose of life is to live and let live. Societal living is possible when there is communal harmony and a feeling of brotherhood among its members.
• Society is divided into haves and has not from time immemorial and since money was brought into vogue. This great divide is the cause of many despair in life.
• Life, when led to the full, has to end one day. The aim for believers and the devout is to become one with GOD or any superpower or the Ultimate.
• Dignity


  Associated with worth or esteem. Dignity cannot be imposed on anyone, it is earned through individual actions. Others can permit, encourage, respect the actions of others which establish a person's dignity.
• Dying with dignity


  A movement that promotes the ability to meet death on your own terms. Involves offering options to terminally ill patients, other than just waiting for the illness to kill them slowly. Two major ways are suicide and euthanasia.
• Suicide


  The taking of one's own life. A suicide attempt is when someone harms themselves to try to end their life, but they do not die.
• Risk factors for suicide

  • Having attempted suicide before
  • Depression and other mental health disorders
  • Alcohol or drug use disorder
  • Family history of a mental health disorder
  • Family history of an alcohol or drug use disorder
  • Family history of suicide
  • Family violence, including physical or sexual abuse
  • Having guns in the home
  • Being in or having recently gotten out of prison or jail
  • Being exposed to others' suicidal behavior, such as a family member, peer, or celebrity
  • Medical illness, including chronic pain
  • Stressful life event, such as a job loss, financial problems, loss of a loved one, a breakup of a relationship
  • Being between the ages of 15 and 24 years or over age 60
• Warning signs of suicide

  • Talking about wanting to die or wanting to kill oneself
  • Making a plan or looking for a way to kill oneself, such as searching online
  • Buying a gun or stockpiling pills
  • Feeling empty, hopeless, trapped, or like there's no reason to live
  • Being in unbearable pain
  • Talking about being a burden to others
  • Using more alcohol or drugs
  • Acting anxious or agitated; behaving recklessly
  • Sleeping too little or too much
  • Withdrawing from family or friends or feeling isolated
  • Showing rage or talking about seeking revenge
  • Displaying extreme mood swings
  • Saying goodbye to loved ones, putting affairs in order
• What to do if someone needs help

  Keep them safe, communicate with them or stay connected, help them connect or assist resources that can help them
• Euthanasia


  Also called mercy killing, act or practice of painlessly putting to death persons suffering from painful and incurable disease or incapacitating physical disorder or allowing them to die by withholding treatment or withdrawing artificial life-support measures.
• Controversy around euthanasia


  • Morality and religion
  • Physician's judgment
  • Ethics
  • Personal choice
• Advance directives


  Legal documents that allow you to spell out your decisions about end-of-life care ahead of time. Give you a way to tell your wishes to family, friends, and health care professionals and to avoid confusion later on.