Introduction to IT

• Computer


  An Electronic Data Processing Device that receives, processes, and presents information
• Parts of Computer


  • Input device
  • CPU
  • Output device
• Input device


  Allows users to input the data
• CPU


  Central Processing Unit
• Output device


  Displays the result of the given data
• History of Computer


  1. Charles Babbage designed the Analytical Engine

  2. This design formed the basic framework of the computers of today
• Input Devices


  • Keyboard
  • Image scanner
  • Microphone
  • Pointing device. Graphics tablet. Joystick. Light pen. Mouse. Optical. Pointing stick. Touchpad. Touchscreen. Trackball
  • Webcam
  • Refreshable braille display
• Output device


  Any peripheral that receives data from a computer, usually for display, projection, or physical reproduction
• Output device


  • Inkjet printer
• Computer software


  The part of a computer system that consists of encoded information or computer instructions, in contrast to the physical hardware from which the system is built
• Types of Computer


  • PC (Personal Computer)
  • Workstation
  • Mini Computer
  • Main Frame
  • Supercomputer
• Types of Software


  • Systems software
  • Application software
• Operating System


  The most important program that runs on a computer, performing basic tasks such as recognizing input, sending output, keeping track of files and directories, and controlling peripheral devices
• Networking


  Two or more computers linked to share resources, exchange files, or allow electronic communications
• LAN (Local-Area Network)


  A computer network that spans a relatively small area, most often confined to a single room, building or group of buildings
• WAN (Wide-Area Network)


  Computers connected through public networks, such as the telephone system, leased lines or satellites. The largest WAN is the Internet
• MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)


  A data network designed for a town or city, larger than a LAN but smaller than a WAN, usually characterized by very high-speed connections using fiber optical cable or other digital media
• Computer Generations


  1. First Generation (1940-1956): Vacuum Tubes

  2. Second Generation (1956-1963): Transistors

  3. Third Generation (1964-1971): Integrated Circuits (IC's)

  4. Fourth Generation (1971-Present): Large Scale Integrated Circuits & Very Large Scale Integrated Circuits (Microprocessors)

  5. Fifth Generation (Present and Beyond): Artificial Intelligence
• IO Devices


  • Keyboard
  • Mouse
  • Joystick
  • Light Pen
  • Scanner
• Parts of CPU


  • ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit)
  • CU (Control Unit)
  • MU (Memory Unit)
• RAM (Random Access Memory)

  Temporary storage memory, Read/Write Memory, Volatile Memory
• ROM (Read Only Memory)


  Permanently stores information needed by the computer to execute a program, Non-Volatile Memory
• Secondary Storage Devices


  • Hard disk
  • Floppy disk
  • CD-ROM
  • Pen drive
• Classification of Software


  • System Software
  • Application Software
• Application Software


  • Packages
  • Languages
• Computer Network


  A system in which multiple computers are connected to each other to share information and resources
• Hardware required for Computer Network

  • Network Cables
  • Distributors
  • Routers
  • Internal Network Cards
  • External Network Cards
• LAN vs WAN


  LAN has high speed, is easier to maintain, and experiences fewer data transmission errors. WAN has less speed, is more difficult to maintain, and experiences more data transmission errors.
• Microsoft Word


  A widely used commercial word processor designed by Microsoft, available on both Windows and Macintosh operating systems
• Microsoft Excel


  A spreadsheet application that allows for advanced calculations, sorting, and graphing of numbers
• Microsoft PowerPoint


  A presentation graphics package that provides tools for word processing, outlining, drawing, graphing, and presentation management

  
• Microsoft Access


  A database creation program that allows for easy maintenance and editing of databases, suitable for small projects to large businesses
• Uses of PowerPoint


  • Creates presentation files with the .ppt extension, can also save as .pdf

  
• Fields in Microsoft Access

  • Text
  • Memo
  • Number
  • Date/Time
  • Currency
  • Auto Num
• Microsoft Excel Workbooks


  Data files created with Excel, containing multiple worksheets by default
• Font types in Microsoft Word

  • Times New Roman
  • Arial Black
  • Calibri

  
• Slides in Microsoft PowerPoint

  Individual parts of a presentation, can contain text, graphics, and animation. Layouts determine the specific arrangement of content on a slide.
• Versions of Microsoft Word

  • MS Word 2003
  • MS Word 2007
  • MS Word 2010
• Creating a database in Microsoft Access

  1. Use the Table Wizard to create a table

  2. Insert additional columns as needed

  3. Enter data in the datasheet, with each type of data in its own column
• Creating a slide show in Microsoft PowerPoint


  1. Start PowerPoint and select "Create a new presentation"

  2. Choose "Blank presentation" and select a layout

  3. Add content to the slides