SAD

• Systems Analysis and Design (SAD)

  The process of creating or modifying an information system to meet a specific set of business objectives
• Focus of this course

  • Systems analysis
  • Systems design
• Systems analysis


  A systematic, problem-solving approach to understanding an existing or proposed information system and specifying the requirements for a new or modified system
• Primary goal of systems analysis

  Ensure the resulting system meets the needs of the end-users and the overall objectives of the organization
• Systems design


  Creating a detailed blueprint or plan for the construction of the new information system based on the requirements identified during the analysis phase
• Primary goal of systems design

  Transform the functional requirements into a comprehensive and detailed system specification that can be used for coding and implementation
• SAD mainly focuses on


  • Systems
  • Processes
  • Technology
• System


  A group of interconnected or interrelated components that work together to achieve a specific set of objectives or functions
• Types of systems


  • Physical system
  • Software system
  • Combination of both
• Input


  Resources, data, or information that enter the system from the external environment and are necessary for the system to perform its functions
• Inputs in a social media platform

  • User-generated content (posts, comments, messages)
  • User interactions (likes, shares, follows)
  • User preferences and settings
• Processes


  The activities or operations that transform inputs into outputs within the system
• Processes in a social media platform

  • Algorithm that analyzes and organizes content
  • Data processing for analytics and insights
  • Content moderation tools (filtering, flagging, removing inappropriate content)
• Outputs


  The results or products generated by the system as a result of processing inputs
• Outputs in a social media platform

  • Notifications (likes, comments, mentions)
  • Recommendations (suggested friends, pages, content)
• Feedback


  Information about the system's performance that is returned to the system for monitoring and control
• Feedback in a social media platform


  • Notifications (pop-up alerts, badges)
  • User surveys and feedback forms
  • Customer support interactions
• Control


  The mechanisms or processes in place to regulate and manage the activities within the system
• Control in a social media platform

  • User controls (privacy settings, blocking, reporting)
  • Platform policies and terms of service enforcement
• Environment


  The external context or surroundings in which the system operates, including factors that can impact or be impacted by the system
• Environment in a social media platform

  • Devices (smartphones, tablets, computers)
  • Operating systems (iOS, Android, Windows, macOS)
  • Network connections (Wi-Fi, cellular data)
• Boundaries


  The limits of the system, separating it from the external environment, determining what is included within the system and what is external to it
• Boundaries in a social media platform

  • Community guidelines and content policies
  • Geographic restrictions and legal/regulatory compliance
• Interfaces


  Points of interaction between the system and its external environment or between different components within the system, facilitating communication and data exchange
• Interfaces in a social media platform

  • User interface (UI) elements (buttons, menus, forms)
  • Accessibility features (screen readers, keyboard shortcuts)
• Types of systems based on complexity

  • Simple systems
  • Complex systems
• Simple systems


  Have few components and interactions, making them relatively easy to understand
• Complex systems


  Involve numerous components, relationships, and interactions
• Types of systems based on purpose

  • Open systems
  • Closed systems
• Open systems


  Interact with their environment, exchanging information, energy, or materials
• Example of an open system


  • A web browser, such as Google Chrome or Mozilla Firefox
• Closed systems


  Are isolated from their environment, with minimal or no exchange with the external surroundings
• Example of a closed system


  • A simple calculator program installed on a computer
• Types of systems based on origin

  • Natural systems
  • Artificial systems
• Natural systems


  Exist in nature and are not created by humans
• Artificial systems


  Designed, created, and implemented by humans for specific purposes
• Types of systems based on dynamics


  • Static systems
  • Dynamic systems
• Static systems

  Elements and relationships do not change over time
• Dynamic systems

  Involve changes or movements over time
• Types of systems based on interaction


  • Physical systems
  • Abstract systems